Reka ntangire natura ko ntari umutagatifu cyangwa nta makemwa mu byo gucunga no gukoresha neza amafaranga. Ahubwo ubanza ndi umutindi wo kubabarirwa kuri iyi ngingo. Sinabeshya abagabo ndi undi aka wa mutaramyi mu nkera y’i Bwami kwa Mibambwe Rutalindwa.
Mu kwinjira mu mwaka mushya wa 2021, umwe mu mihigo ikomeye mfite ni ukwiga no kongera ubumenyi ku buryo bwo gucunga no gukoresha neza amafaranga n’ishoramari muri rusange.
Wakwibaza uti “Kuki se?’’
Nakozwe ku mutima n’ibintu mperutse gusoma mu gitabo “The Millionaire Next Door’’ cyanditswe na Thomas Stanley.
Thomas Stanley waretse akazi ko kwigisha muri Kaminuza ya Harvard ngo yibande ku bushakashatsi bwerekeye uko ubukire bukorwa avuga ko ikibazo gikomeye abantu binjiza cyangwa bakorera amafaranga menshi ari uko “babaho ku bw’uyu munsi ntibategere akazaza ejo.”
Nubwo ntari mu bantu binjiza cyangwa bakorera menshi mu buryo Stanley abivugamo, ubutumwa bwa Stanley ku “kubaho none gusa nk’aho ejo hatazabaho” burandeba cyane kimwe n’abandi bantu benshi tuziranye.
Stanley avuga ko “kubaho none udategera akazaza ejo” ari imwe mu mpamvu zikomeye usanga umucuruzi uciriritse muri USA ufite ‘discipline’ mu buryo akoresha amafaranga ye akanagira ubumenyi mu ishoramari, agira ubukungu kurusha umunyamategeko, umuganga cyangwa umukinnyi bahembwa menshi nyamara ntibayashore mu mishinga ibyara inyungu.
Urugero atanga ni urw’abakinnyi benshi bahembwa menshi muri Leta Zunze za Amerika cyane cyane abakina basketball, abakina iteramakofe n’abandi.
Usanga nk’umukinnyi wa basketball wahembwaga miliyoni eshanu z’amadolari ku mwaka mu gihe cy’imyaka 10 ( ubwo ni miliyoni 50) mu bihe bye, birangira ari umukene ‘yarakubiswe’ nyuma y’imyaka itatu gusa avuye mu kibuga.
Cyangwa se ugasanga umukinnyi w’iteramakofe wahembwaga miliyoni 30 z’idolari ku mukino umwe ahinduka umutindi nyuma yo kumanika uturindantoki.
Mu mpera z’umwaka ushize, hasakaye amafoto agaragaza nabi uwahoze arinda izamu ry’Ikipe y’igihugu y’umupira y’u Rwanda, Muhamudu Mosi wanakiniye amwe mu makipe akomeye mu Rwanda bizwi ko ‘ahemba neza kurusha andi’.
Mu 2016, Muhamudu Mosi ntiyagiraga telefoni yo guhamagara, ngo yakoreshaga iyi y’umugore we rimwe na rimwe ku mugoroba atashye. Ifoto/IGIHE
Ubuzima bubi bw’ubukene ku bakinnyi bo mu Rwanda ni ikintu bavugwaho nyuma yo kureka gukina, nta watera ibuye ‘Matunguru’ wenyine.
Ni kuki abakinnyi bibagendekera bitya?
Mu gitabo cye, Stanley atanga impamvu nyinshi ariko ibibazo byinshi bigaruka ku buryo bw’imibereho y’iraha babamo ndetse no kubura uwabaha inama nzima zerekeye ishoramari.
Mu gihe babonye amafaranga bahembwa, bayakoresha bagura ibintu binyura iraha nk’imodoka, inzu zihenze [iyo muri Amerika], bakitabira ibirori bihenze bidashira, andi mafaranga bakayamarira mu gukora ibintu byose byatuma ‘babemera’.
Abo mu Rwanda bo, menshi bayata ku bintu nk’ibyo tuvuze haruguru wongeyeho kujya no guhinduranya abagore n’abakobwa benshi basigaye bariswe ‘ibiryabarezi’ maze na bo si ukuyarya, bakivayo.
Benshi ntibatekereza ejo hazaza, igihe batazaba bagishoboye gukorera amafaranga nk’ayo mu bihe bazaba bamanitse inkweto. Iyo rero batakibashije kubona amafaranga menshi nk’ayo bahembwa kandi bagishaka gukomeza kubaho muri bwa buzima buhenze, batangira kugurisha bya bintu by’iraha bari baraguze, kimwe ku kindi kugeza igihe bishiriye ubundi na bo bakajya mu nsi y’umurongo w’ubukene.
Icyo basigarana ni inkuru z’uko bahoze bavuna umuheha bakongezwa ibiri, nk’aho nari umugabo itambuwe intebe kera ntaranavuka.
Ku ngero z’ibyamamare mu mikino ariko hari abazwi ko babaye menge mu byo gucunga imitungo yabo barimo nka Michael Jordan, Le Bron James, Kobe Bryant n’abandi bashoboye gutsinda iri hurizo kuko bari bafite ‘kami ka muntu’ kabategeka kuzigama no gushora imari yabo.
Ngo bagize abajyanama beza kuri iyi ngingo, bakurikiza inama bagiriwe.
Mu by’ukuri, gucunga no gukoresha mu buryo buboneye amafaranga n’ubundi bukungu bwacu ni kimwe mu bintu gikomerera benshi muri twe.
Aho dutuye cyangwa mu nkuru twumvise, twese tuzi umuntu nibura umwe wigeze kuba akize yewe anabimena, asengerera bose amabyeri “n’amakoko’’ bukira, nyamara nyuma zikaza guhindura imirishyo agakena no gutindahara hafi aho, akagera kuri rwa rwego asaba n’abo atahaye.
Ibi kandi bikaba bitaramubayeho kubera impamvu z’ibiza kamere nk’intambara, uburwayi, icyorezo nka Covid-19... cyangwa indi mpamvu nk’iyo umuntu adashobora kwirinda.
Muhamudu Mosi mu 2020. Iyi foto yateye benshi agahinda
Mu by’ukuri, ikiremwamuntu tugira muri kamere zacu akantu ko gushaka “kwemeza abandi” igihe cyose ‘tugafashe’ cyangwa dutekereza ko twagafashe.
Impamvu nkoresheje ijambo “dutekereza ko twagafashe” ni ukugira ngo ngaragaze uburyo ubukire bw’agahe gato cyangwa bwihuse bushobora kudushora mu ngeso zo gukoresha amafaranga mu buryo buhenze nyamara tutazashobora mu gihe kirekire kizaza.
Uramutse usohotse aho uri ukajya hanze ukabaza umuntu uwo ari we wese mwahura icyo yakora yisanze afite miliyoni Magana abiri z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda (200.000.000FRW) atari umwenda azishyura ataranayakoreye…
Benshi muri twe igisubizo twatanga cyaba kiganisha mu nzira yo ‘kwaya, gusesagura no gukoresha ayo mafaranga mu buryo buhenze’. “Eeeehhh!!! Nahita ngura imodoka ya ‘danger’, nkubaka inzu nini koko, ubundi nkajya kuryoshya no kurya ubuzima i Dubai…,” ni bimwe mu bisubizo cyangwa bimeze nka byo wabona.
Bamwe mu bagabo twahita tujya mu nshoreke, ejo cyangwa ejobundi ugasanga hari ingo ebyiri, eshatu zirenzeho tugomba kwitaho, mu gihe abasore twajya ’kugura indaya’ bakazirarana amajoro arenze rimwe mu mahoteli kandi arenze, byaba ngombwa bikanaba akamenyero igihe tugifite kuri iryo faranga.
Ubajije uwo muntu uti “Hanyuma bikazagenda bite ejo nyuma y’ibyo byose?’’, abenshi twaruma gihwa, tugaceceka gusa hari n’abahita bagusubiza bihuse bati “Iby’ejo bibara ab’ejo wana.”
Tuvugishije ukuri, bake cyane muri twe nibo bavuga ko “bajya gushaka abajyanama mu by’ishoramari no kwiga imishinga ibyara inyungu” bazwi nka ‘business consultant’. Ahubwo se muri twe abazi abantu nk’abo ni ba nde?
Kubera iki se? Impamvu nta yindi ni uko benshi muri twe umutima wo gushora imari utuba kure kurusha uwo kurya ifaranga sha, [sakindi ikazaba ibyara ikindi].
Nk’uko umwanditsi Stanley abivuga mu gitabo natangiye kuvuga, “tuberaho abandi, tugasa n’abiyibagiwe.”
Reka nkubarire agakuru gato
Umunsi umwe natangiye akazi ahantu nari maze igihe kirekire mu bushomeri, maze umunsi umwe mbere yo guhembwa umushahara wa mbere, umwe mu nshuti zanjye unzi cyane utananyifuriza ikibi rwose, yaranyegereye arambwira ati “Maze rero nuhembwa, uzashake uko wikenura ugure imyenda n’inkweto bigaragara nk’umuntu rwose ufite akazi.”
Namubwiye ko numvaga ari byo koko ariko ko ntambaye ubusa [njye nabonaga mfite imyenda n’inkweto bihagije kuko nibura nari mfite imyenda nshobora kwambara iminsi itandatu igashira ntambaye iyo nambaye ku munsi umwe muri iyo, ni ukuvuga iminsi itandatu mpinduranya], mubwira ko ahubwo numvaga nashaka icyo nakora kibyara inyungu muri ayo mafaranga noneho nkazagura imyenda n’inkweto ‘byiza’ mu kwezi kwa kabiri kuko nta wamenya hari n’ubwo nahembwa ukwezi kumwe akazi kari guhagarara kubera impamvu ntamenya.
Ntitwanumvikanaga ku bwoko bw’imyenda nkwiye kugura. We yavugaga ko ngomba kugura imyenda igaragara nk’umuntu ufite akazi, ngo kuko hari aho ujya bakabona ko ufite akazi koko kabone n’ubwo waba utabivuze maze bakaguha agaciro.
Njye namubwiye ko icya ngombwa ari uko ibyo nambaye byaba bifite isuku cyane ko yemeraga ko imyambaro yanjye itari ishaje ku buryo byatera uwo ari we wese isoni n’ipfunwe byo kuyijyana aho abandi baserutse.
Yarambwiye ati “Uramponda sinoga, ukwiye kugura imyambaro uzatambuka buri wese ukubonye akavuga ati ‘uriya musore yambaye neza.”
Naramubwiye nti “Nyamara nta cyo nakora ngo ningira aho njya mu ruhame rw’abantu benshi mu mujyi mbe ari njye wambaye neza kurusha abandi umunsi wose nzahamara kuko n’ubundi ibyo kwambara no kuberwa akenshi biterwa n’urora, ntibishingira akenshi ku giciro gihanitse cy’ibyambawe.”
Yaranyumvise arabyemera ariko akomeza kumbwira ko ngomba kwita ku kugura imyenda n’inkweto byiyubashye njye nabonaga birenze ubushobozi bwanjye ukurikije ayo nakoreraga n’utundi tubazo two mu buzima bwa buri munsi umuntu aba afite dukenera amafaranga.
Ibibazo nk’ibi ni ibyo gutekerezwaho?
Ni kuki umuntu uhembwa, ni urugero, ibihumbi Magana inani (800.000 FRW) ku kwezi yumva yagura ‘iPhone’ y’ibihumbi magana arindwi (700.000 FRW) mu gihe aramutse uvuye ku kazi wasanga Samsung cyangwa Tecno nta gikomeye iyo iPhone ikora kuzirusha.
Ni iyihe mpamvu umuntu bigora gukemura utubazo tw’ibanze tw’ubuzima nk’amafunguro n’icumbi aba ashaka kugura telefoni igura amafaranga ashobora gutangiza umushinga uciriritse ubyara inyungu cyangwa wagura nk’akarima iyo mu cyaro hirya y’umujyi?Wenda iyo telefoni ari impano nabyumva.
Ni bangahe muri twe dukora ingengo z’imari z’icyumweru, ukwezi cyangwa umwaka dukurikije ibyo twinjiza n’ibyo dukoresha mu gihe nk’icyo? Uramutse ubajije umuntu amafaranga akoresha agura ibyo kurya, isukari, ayo guhamagara na ‘bundles’ za interineti, inzoga, imyenda cyangwa lisansi ku batunze imodoka, hari uwapfa kuguha igisubizo nyacyo?
Ese ni ingenzi kuba twapanga uko dukoresha amafaranga yacu mu gihe runaka? Niba tuzi amafaranga twinjiza, ni na byiza ko twagenzura tukamenya uko tuyakoresha, tukabitandukanya n’iby’abagashize.
Ntabwo nashatse kwandika iyi nkuru nyobewe ubuzima benshi tubayemo muri ibi bihe.
Ni ukuri ko benshi bahembwa imishahara y’intica ntikize ku buryo iyo bagerageje kugira icyo bashaka kuzigama nyuma y’umunsi cyangwa ukwezi bisa n’ibidashoboka.
Nyamara, mu gitabo yise Rich Dad Poor Dad, Robert Kiyosaki avuga ko “Ikibazo atari ingano y’amafaranga winjiza, ko ikibazo ari ayo usigarana, uko uyakoresha n’ibisekuru uyazigamira mu bihe bizaza.”
Iyo usomye cyangwa ukumva inkuru z’abantu biteje imbere bakagera aho bahanga imirimo n’imishinga igirira benshi akamaro, ntusanga akenshi ari uko binjizaga menshi, ahubwo n’uburyo n’ubwenge bakoresha ayo babonye batayaya cyangwa ngo bayasesagure.
Gusa njye nawe tuzi umuntu uhembwa amafaranga menshi (bitewe n’ayo twita menshi) nyamara udashobora kuzigama kimwe mu icumi cyayo. Abantu nk’abo usanga bahembwa amafaranga bahita bayakoresha kandi ugasanga iteka bahora mu madeni adashira kuko bahisemo “kubaho nk’abaherwe” kandi mu by’ukuri bari mu binjiza mu kigero cyo hagati “middle class”.
Umuntu nka SINA Gerard, Nyagahene n’abandi bakire b’ibimenyabose binjiza amamiliyoni magana ku kwezi bashobora kuba bagura telefoni ya miliyoni ebyiri kandi ntibigire icyo byangiza ku bukire bwabo. Nk’ubu umukire uri mu cyiciro cy’abo cyangwa unabarenze aramutse aguze imodoka ya miliyoni magana atanu z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda bishobobora kutagira icyo bihungabanya ku bukungu bwe.
Nyamara uzasanga umuntu uhembwa ibihumbi magana atanu ku kwezi (500.000FRW) (amafaranga y’umushahara atari make hano mu Rwanda) afata umwanzuro wo kugura imodoka ya miliyoni eshanu yo kugendamo akenshi ku mwenda afashe ku mushahara, bivuze ko aba akoresheje 90% by’ayo yinjiza mu mwaka ku kintu kimwe udashyizemo andi mafaranga imodoka itwara harimo ayo kuyitaho, imisoro n’ibindi. IBI NI UKUBAHO BIRENZE UBUSHOBOZI BWAWE.
Mu gihe nyamara ’niba afite inyota koko yo gutunga imodoka’, umukozi nk’uyu yakabaye agura iyakoze kuri miliyoni n’igice (ni nka 12% by’ayo yinjiza ku mwaka) [niba yayibona ku isoko] nyamara ntiyabyemera. Yabyemera ate se kandi tuba dushaka kubaho ngo twemeze abantu?
Abantu nk’aba dushaka kwemeza ngo badushime ni na bo usanga baduha urw’amenyo igihe uvuye muri V8 usigaye utwara ‘Gikumi’ cyangwa usigaye utega ’akamoto’ nyamara mbere waratwaraga iyitwa iyawe waguze ku nguzanyo ya banki. Mu magambo make, ntushobora kuneza rubanda ngo bose ubashimishe.
Gutwara cyangwa gutunga imodoka ihenze cyane nyamara itari iyo ku rwego rw’ayo ukorera cyangwa winjiza bitera ishema mu mutwe wawe iyo uri muri bagenzi bawe kuko nyine baba babona ko wagezeyo. Nyamara mu ndiba y’umutima wawe, ari wowe wenyine ubizi ko wicariye igisasu cy’ubukungu kiba gishobora kuguturikana umunota uwo ari wo wose.
Covid-19 yadutse ino aha mu mwaka ushize n’ubu ingaruka zayo tukaba tutari twazihonoka ndetse tukaba tutanizeye kuzikuramo vuba, yagaragaje ko kwizigamira no gutegera akazaza ejo ari ibintu by’ingenzi kuri buri wese hatitawe ku ngano y’ayo yinjiza.
Mu busanzwe, sinkunda kugira imihigo mpiga iyo umwaka utangiye ariko hari ibintu nahigiye mbere gato y’uko uyu mwaka wa 2021 utangira: Umuhigo wa mbere ni ukugerageza kubaho uko ndeshya; mu bushobozi bwanjye (sindengere ngo njye hejuru yabwo), uwa kabiri na wo ni ukumenya uko nkoresha amafaranga yanjye make, kandi nkagerageza uko nshoboye kuzigama no gushora imari mu dufaranga twanjye duke.
Ubwanditsi: Ibikubiye muri iyi nkuru bishingiye ahanini ku gitekerezo cya bwana Edris Kiggundu umunyamakuru akaba n’umwanditsi mukuru wa Nile Post, ikinyamakuru gikorera kuri interineti cyo muri Uganda.
