Umubyigano w’imodoka i Lagos: Izigera kuri 1/4 cy’imodoka zizanwa kugurishwa muri Nigeria zari zimaze imyaka 20
Miliyoni nyinshi z’imodoka zihumanya ikirere bikabije ziva mu bihugu bikize ziri "kujugunywa" mu bihugu biri mu nzira y’amajyambere nk’uko bivugwa na raporo ya UN.
Hagati ya 2015 na 2018, imodoka zigera kuri miliyoni 14 zishaje kandi zangiritse zavuye mu Burayi, Ubuyapani na Amerika.
Enye muri eshanu zagurishijwe mu bihugu bikennye, hejuru ya 1/2 cyazo zagiye muri Africa.
Inzobere zivuga ko hejuru ya 80% zitari zigifite ubuziranenge kandi zitangiza ikirere mu gihe zoherezwaga mu bindi bihugu.
Uretse guteza impanuka, izi modoka zihumanya ikirere bikabije zikaba kimwe mu biri gutera ihindagurika ry’ikirere.
Raporo yatangajwe n’ishami rya ONU rishinzwe ibidukikije (UNEP) isaba abinjiza n’abohereza imodoka gushyiraho ibipimo fatizo bikomeye mu kurwanya iyoherezwa ry’imodoka nk’izo.
Gutunga imodoka biri gutumbagira ku isi hose aho ubu habarurwa imodoka miliyari 1.4 ziri mu mihanda, umubare biteganyijwe ko ugera kuri miliyari ebyiri mu 2040.
Uko kwiyongera kuri kubonwa cyane cyane mu bihugu biri mu nzira y’amajyambere muri Aziya, Africa na Amerika y’Epfo.
Mu isesengura ry’imyaka itatu, abashakashatsi babonye ko ibipimo by’imodoka zakoze zoherejwe mu bihugu 146 byari "hasi" cyangwa "hasi cyane".
Isesengura rya kabiri ryakozwe n’ikigo cyo gupima ubwikorezi n’ibidukikije cyo mu Buholandi, bwerekana ko imodoka nyinshi ziva ku byambu byo mu Buholandi zijya muri Africa ziba zarashaje kandi zigira uruhare mu kwangiza umwuka wa Africa.
Rob de Jong, umwe mu banditse raporo ya UNEP, agira ati " Icyo twavuga ni uko muri izo modoka miliyoni 14 izigera kuri 80% ziba zidakwiye kujya mu muhanda kandi zitujuje ibipimo bya Euro 4 byo kudahumanya ikirere".
Euro 4 ni ibipimo fatizo byashyizweho mu Burayi kuva mu kwezi kwa mbere mu 2005.
Ati "Ibyo bisobanuye ko izo modoka zisohora hejuru ya 90% by’imyuka ihumanya zakabaye zisohora kuko zitanageza ku gipimo fatizo".
Abanditse iyi raporo bavuga ko izi modoka ari "umwanda kandi wica".
Bavuga izi modoka ziri mu mpamvu y’ubwiyongere bw’impanuka mu muhanga mu bihugu byinshi bikennye muri Africa na Aziya.
Izi modoka kandi zisohora imyuka irimo ibinyabutabire byinshi bya nitrogen oxide, bitera ihumana ry’umwuka n’ikirere mu mijyi myinshi.
Jane Akumu wo muri UNEP ati "Mu 2017, imodoka zinywa diesel zazanywe muri Uganda zabaga zimaze nibura imyaka 20."
"Ibi ni nako bimeze muri Zimbabwe. Mu by’ukuri, ibihugu bisaga 30 muri Africa ntibifite igihe ntarengwa cy’imodoka zemerewe kwinjira mu gihugu. Imodoka iyo ari yo yose n’igihe cyose yakorewe yakwinjira".
Muri aka karere, ibihugu bihuriye mu muryango wa EAC byari byaremeranyije ko bizageza mu 2019 byemera gusa imodoka zitarengeje imyaka umunani zikozwe ndetse bikayigabanya ikagera kuri itanu mu 2021. Ibi ntibiragerwaho.
Uretse kuba bene izo modoka ziba zitujuje ubuziranenge ku mpanuka no ku bidukikije, umubare munini wazo unavanwaho igikoresho cy’ingenzi.
Rob de Jong ati: "Zikurwaho igikoresho kigabanya ubukana bw’umwuka, kuko icyo gikoresho gikoze muri platinum gifite agaciro ka $500. Bagashyiraho ikindi cy’icyuma".
Yongeraho ati "Bazikuramo kandi airbags, kuko zifite agaciro mu Burayi, bazikuramo kandi ’anti-lock brake’ kuko nazo zigurwa neza ku masoko ya magendu".
54% by’imodoka zivugwa muri iyi raporo zavuye mu Burayi. Nyinshi zoherezwa ziciye ku byambu by’Ubuholandi, iki gihugu gisabwa gufata ingamba.
Stientje van Veldhoven, Minisitiri w’ibidukikije w’Ubuholandi, avuga ko igihugu cye "kitabigeraho cyonyine".
Madamu Stientje ati "Bityo rero, ndasaba ko habaho ubufatanye bw’Uburayi, no gufatanya bya hafi kwa leta z’i Burayi n’izo muri Africa kugira ngo Uburayi bwohereze imodoka zujuje ibisabwa byashyizweho n’ibihugu zoherejwemo."
Maroc yemerera kwinjira gusa imodoka zitamaze imyaka itanu zikozwe. Kenya nayo ibuza imodoka zirengeje imyaka umunani kwinjira mu gihugu.
Kuva mu 2016 ibihugu bigize umuryango wa EAC, birimo n’u Rwanda, byashyizeho umusoro ugera kuri 80% ku modoka zirengeje imyaka 10 zikozwe kugira ngo zemererwe kwinjira mu gihugu.
Gusa guhangana n’iki kibazo bisaba umuhate w’impande zombi z’abagurisha n’abagura.
Rob de Jong ati "Ku ruhande rumwe ntekereza ko bidakwiye ko ibihugu bikize byohereza mu bikennye imodoka zidakwiye kujya mu muhanda."
"Ku rundi ruhande, kuki ibihugu byakira izo modoka byafashe igihe kinini kugira ngo bishyireho ibipimo fatizo?
"Rero, ntekereza ko iki ari ikibazo kigirwamo uruhare n’impande zombi."
Imodoka zakoreshejwe nyinshi zoherezwa zishaje kandi n’ubundi zisa n’izatawe
Imodoka zakoze zo mu Bushinwa zateguwe ngo zoherezwe muri Africa
Imodoka ku cyambu cyo muri Maroc, iki gihugu cyaciye kwinjizwamo imodoka zirengeje imyaka itanu zikozwe
BBC
