Vladimir Putin, Perezida w’Uburusiya, mu buryo bwihuse yabaye umwe mu bayobozi bafite imbaraga kandi batinyitse ku isi yose nubwo byamusabye urugendo rurerure kugira ngo agere ku gasongero k’ububasha afite ubu.
Yamaze imyaka myinshi akora mu butasi bw’Uburusiya ndetse na Politiki y’imbere mu gihugu cye mbere y’uko akibera umukuru w’igihugu wubashywe.
Iyi ni ishusho y’uburyo Putin yageze ku butegetsi ndetse n’impamvu abanyamerika bamwe bamutinya.
Ukuzamuka kwa Putin no kwinjira muri KGB
Putin yavutse muri 1952, avukira mu muryango udakize cyane. Yavukiye mu gace ka Leningrad. Se umubyara yahoze mu gisirikare ariko nyuma aza kujya gukora mu ruganda.
Amaze gukura, Putin yakundaga gusoma ibitabo bivuga ku butasi ndetse akareba n’ibiganiro kuri televiziyo bibyerekeye. Ubwo yari akiri mu ishuri, yagiye ahari ibiro by’ubutasi bwa KGB (Komitet gossoudarstvennoï bezopasnosti: Comité pour la Sécurité de l’État) , abaza uko yabasha kwinjira muri uwo mutwe nk’uko umunyamakuru Ben Judah abitangaza. Uyu munyamakuru ni nawe wanditse igitabo kivuga kuri Putin cyitwa “Fragile Empire: How Russia Fell In and Out of Love with Vladimir Putin.”
Abakoraga mu biro by’ubutasi bwa KGB ku cyicaro cyayo gikuru bamubwiye ko agomba gukora cyane ndetse akiga n’amategeko. Putin na we yakoze nkuko babimubwiye, yiga amategeko muri Leningrad State University ndetse amara n’imyaka 17 akora mu butasi bwo hanze y’igihugu.
Putin ubwo yari akiri mu mutwe wa KGB
Muri icyo gihe niho yakuye ubunararibonye, ndetse inzobere zikemeza neza ko ubwo bunararibonye aribwo buri kumufasha muri iki gihe.
Perezida Putin azwiho kurwanira igihugu cye ishyaka ariko ngo yabihoranye kuva akiri n’umusore.
Muri 2000 ikinyamakuru The Washington Post cyanditse ko umunsi umwe Putin yanze gusoma igitabo cy’umusoviyeti kuko ngo atashoboraga gusoma igitabo cy’umuntu wagambaniye igihugu cyamubyaye.
Uko yinjiye muri Politiki
Muri 1991, Putin yavuye muri KGB. Yasubiye muri Leningrad ubu isigaye ari St. Petersburg aho yari agiye kungiriza uwari Mayor w’uwo Mujyi, Anatoly Sobchak ndetse akaba yarahoze ari umwarimu we w’amategeko akiri ku ntebe y’ishuri.
Icyo gihe Putin yakoraga atagaragara cyane ku karubanda ndetse agakunda gucisha make. Bivugwa ko icyo gihe yagaragaraga ari uko byasabaga ko hari ibikomeye agomba gukora ndetse akaba umuntu w’umwizerwa kandi w’ingirakamaro wa Anatoly Sobchak.
Mu gitabo cye, Judah yanditse ko imitegekere ye ya Politiki, Putin yayigiye kuri Sobchak wari uzwiho kugira imbaraga mu buryo bw’imitegekere.
Putin yubahaga Sobchak kandi akamubera umwizerwa. Ubwo Sobchak atongeraga gutorerwa kuba mayor, Putin yahawe akazi mu buyobozi bw’umujyi wa Leningrad arabwanga. Icyo gihe yavuze ko yahitamo kumanikwa nk’inyangamugayo aho kugororerwa kubera kuba umugambanyi. “It’s better to be hanged for loyalty than be rewarded for betrayal.”
Muri 1996, umuryango wa Putin wimukiye i Moscow. Icyo gihe nibwo yatangiye kuzamuka vuba vuba mu buyobozi ndetse muri 1998 agirwa umuyobozi wa FSB (Federal Security Service), ikigo cy’ubutasi cyasimbujwe KGB. Boris Yeltsin wari Perezida icyo gihe niwe ubwe wamushyize mu mwanya. Ikinyamakuru Newsweek cyatangaje ko kari akazi Perezida yahaga umwe mu bantu b’abizerwa mu buyobozi.
Kuba Minisititi w’intebe ,…nyuma akaba Perezida
Mu kwezi kwa Kanama 1999, Boris Yeltsin yagize Putin Minisitiri w’intebe. Yari abaye uwa 5 ushyizwe kuri uwo mwanya nibura mu gihe cy’imyaka 2 yari ishize. Mu Burusiya, Minisitiri w’intebe aba ari umuntu wa 2 mu gukomera mu butegetsi ndetse akaba atanga raporo kwa Perezida ntawundi ayinyujijeho.
Mu buryo butunguranye, mu mpera za 1999, Boris Yeltsin yavuye ku butegetsi, atangaza ko Putin ariwe ugomba kubusigaraho nka Perezida w’Uburusiya. Mu kwezi kwa Werurwe 2000 nibwo Putin yatsinze amatora y’umukuru w’igihugu.
Benshi mu bakurikiranira hafi iby’ubutegetsi mu Burusiya bemeza ko Boris Yeltsin yagize Putin Perezida mu rwego rwo kugira ngo yirinde ko hari ibyaha yazakurikiranywaho n’amategeko.
Igikorwa cya mbere Putin yakoze ni ukubabarira Yeltsin amuha ubudahangarwa ku byaha by’ubwicanyi cyangwa ibijyanye n’ubuyobozi, no kuba atakorwaho iperereza. Ikindi yakoze, yemeje ko ntamuntu ugomba gukora ku mitungo ya Yeltsin.
Muri manda ye ya mbere, Putin yabanje kwita ku bibazo by’imbere mu gihugu. Icyo gihe Putin afata ubutegetsi, intambara y’abo mu gace ka Chechnya bashakaga ko agace kabo kigenga, yari igeze mu majyepfo y’Uburusiya ndetse iri gukwirakwira mu duce twinshi.
Intambara yo muri Chechnya yayishyize mu by’ibanze. Putin yafashe ubutegetsi mu gihe kigoye, aho Chechnya yashakaga kwigenga kandi ifatwa nk’intara y’Uburusiya. Ikindi abari abayobozi ku butegetsi bwa Yeltsin bashakaga kugira ijambo mu butegetsi kurushaho. Putin yari azi neza ko abahoze ari abayobozi ku gihe cya Yeltsin bari bafite imbaraga kumurusha, bituma bagirana ubwumvikane.
Muri Nyakanga 2000, Putin yabwiye abo bari bayobozi ko atazivanga mu bucuruzi bwabo cyangwa gufatira imitungo yabo mu gihe cyose baguma kure y’ibikorwa bya Politiki. Ibyo kandi byari kubahirizwa igihe batazamurwanya cyangwa ngo bagire ibibi bamuvugaho.
Muri 2002, abarwanyi 40 b’aba Chechen bari bayobowe na Movsar Barayev bafashe Moscow theater , bashimutiramo abantu 912. Abo barwanyi bishe abantu 129 basaba ko intambara yo muri Chechnya yahagarara, Uburusiya bugakura ingabo zabwo muri iyo Ntara kugira ngo barekure abo bari bafashe. Aha niho Putin yigaragaje nk’umugabo w’ibikorwa nkuko Judah yabyanditse. Icyo gihe yanze kumvikana n’abo barwanyi ahubwo hategurwa igitero cy’umutwe w’ingabo zitabara ahakomeye, zirokora abari bafashwe bugwate.
Kongera gutorerwa kuba Perezida…nyuma agirwa Minisitiri w’intebe
Muri 2004 , ku nshuro ya 2, Putin yatorewe kuyobora Uburusiya. Yakomeje kwita ku bibazo by’imbere mu gihugu cye ariko agashinjwa guhonyora itangazamakuru.
Ibi bishingirwa ku munyamakuru Anna Politkovskaya, wari umunyamakuru ariko akaza kwicirwa mu nzu yabagamo muri 2006 nyuma yo kwandika inkuru kuri ruswa yarangwaga mu gisirikare cy’Uburusiya. Yishwe ku munsi w’amavuko wa Putin. Putin yahakanye kuba hari uruhare abifitemo ariko avuga ko urupfu rwe ntakinini rwari gukora ku Burusiya kurusha uko ibyo yari gukomeza kwandika byari kubusebya. Nanubu, ibihugu byo mu Burengerazuba bw’isi binenga Putin kuba atarinda abanyamakuru.
Nyuma y’ibyumweru Politkovskaya yishwe, uwari wariyomoye kuri FSB, yarogewe mu Bwongereza mu Mujyi wa London. Nubwo ibi byose byabaga, ntibyabujije Putin gukomeza gukundwa n’abaturage b’Uburusiya.
Muri manda ze 2, umusaruro mbumbe w’igihugu wazamutseho 70%, ishoramari rizamuka ku kigero cya 125%.
Muri 2008, Dmitry Medvedev wari usanzwe ari Minisitiri w’intebe yatorewe kuyobora Uburusiya. Umunsi ukurikiyeho, yagize Putin minisitiri w’intebe. Abakurikiranira hafi Politii y’Uburusiya bemeza ko nubwo yari agizwe Minisitiri w’intebe, Putin yakomeje gufata ibyemezo bikomeye ndetse agasa nkaho ariwe wari uyoboye Uburusiya.
Kongera gutorwa nka Perezida
Muri 2012, Putin yongeye gutorerwa manda ye ya 3 nka Perezida w’Uburusiya igomba kurangira muri 2018. Gutorwa kwe ntikwavuzweho rumwe. Itegeko rivuga kuri manda ya 3 bivugwa ko ritubahirijwe ndetse hari n’abemeza ko habayeho kwiba amajwi. Icyo gihe Putin yatsindiye ku majwi 64%.
Muri 2014, Putin yahanzwe amaso n’isi yose ubwo yomekaga agace ka Crimea ku Burusiya mu buryo butavuzweho rumwe cyane cyane n’ibihugu bitavuga rumwe n’Uburusiya. Muri 2018, Putin yatangiye kugirana umubano n’Ubushinwa kuko Uburusiya bukeneye abandi bahahirana nyuma y’aho Uburusiya bushyiriweho ibihano kubwo kwiyomokaho agace ka Crimea. Komeka Crimea ku Burusiya byatumye Putin agaragara nk’umuyobozi uhamye kandi uharanira kugira Uburusiya igihugu cyubashywe ku isi kurusha uko byahoze mbere.
Uko Putin yagiye azamuka mu ntera kugeza abaye Perezida w’Uburusiya wubashywe
Igisirikare cy’Uburusiya kiri mu biha Putin igitinyiro, akongeraho n’ubunararibonye bwe
Mu nkuru ikinyamakuru CNN cyanditse kuri Putin igira iti ‘Putin’s rise to power’ yo kuwa 13 Werurwe 2017, umunyamakuru wayo Phil Black yemeje ko Putin ashobora kuba ariwe muyobozi ukomeye ku isi. Mubyo CNN yahishingiyeho bituma akomera harimo gutegura ibitero by’ikoranabuhanga bigabwa ku bindi bihugu (Cyber Power), igisirikare gikomeye cy’Uburusiya ndetse n’ubunararibonye afite ku giti cye.
CNN igaruka ku mbaraga Putin afite, yashingiye ku bivugwa y’uko Uburusiya bwabashije kwinjira mu matora ya Amerika bigatuma Trump atsinda H. Clinton ndetse n’igitero cy’ikoranabuhanga Uburusiya bwigeze kugaba kuri Estoniya kikayishegesha.
Kwinjira mu matora ya Amerika, inzego z’ubutasi za Amerika zahamije neza ko Putin ubwe ariwe wategetse ko bikorwa ariko we yakunze kubihakana.
Ikindi CNN yashingiyeho ihamya ko Putin akomeye ngo ni igikundiro afite mu Burusiya.
Putin na Clinton bapfa iki kuburyo yashakaga ko atsindwa amatora?
Nubwo nanubu Uburusiya bugihakana kuba bwarivanze mu matora ya Amerika, abanyamerika benshi ni kimwe mubyo baheraho batinyira Putin, kuba yarabashije kwivanga mu matora yabo agasa n’ugena uzayatsinda kandi Amerika ifatwa nk’igihugu cy’igikomerezwa ku isi.
Urwango Putin yanga Clinton ngo rwatangiye muri 2008
Urwango bivugwa ko Putin yanga Hillary Clinton rwatangiye muri 2008, ubwo Clinton yakomezaga kuvuga amagambo mabi kuri Putin. Inyandiko ya CNN twavuze haruguru ihamya ko muri 2011 ubwo Putin yari ari kwiyamamariza manda ya 3 nka Perezida, Clinton ngo yafashije abigaragambyaga bamagana Putin, abatera inkunga bakora imyigaragamyo ya mbere yari ikomeye yabereye i Moscow kuva hasenyuka icyahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti zari ziyobowe n’Uburusiya.
Icyo gihe Clinton yavugaga ko amatora yo mu Burusiya ko atazaca mu mucyo, ko ndetse amajwi y’abaturage babwo akwiriye guhabwa agaciro. Putin ibyo yabibonye nk’igitero kuri we, ashinja Clinton gushyigikira abigaragambyaga ndetse no kwivanga mu bibazo by’Abarusiya.
Ubwo Clinton yiyamamarizaga kuyobora Amerika muri 2016, birumvikana uwo Uburusiya bwagombaga gushyigikira kuko abazi neza Putin bemeza ko yangaga urunuka Clinton.
Robert Gates wahoze ari umunyamabanga wa Amerika mu bijyanye n’igisirikare, yatangarije CNN ko urwo rwango Putin yangaga Clinton arirwo rushobora kuba rwaramuteye kwivanga mu matora ya Amerika.
Agendera mu modoka y’akataraboneka
Ubwo yarahiriraga ‘Mandat’ nshya ya 4 amaze ayobora Uburusiya, Vladimir Putin yagendeye mu modoka yo mu bwoko bwa Limousine y’umutamenwa yakorewe mu Burusiya.
Ku itariki 7 Gicurasi 2018 nibwo bwa mbere Putin yayigendeyemo ubwo yarahiriraga kuyobora ‘Mandat’ nshya.
Ifite ishusho nkiya Limousine za Rolls Royce Phantom cyangwa Rolls Royce Ghost zikorerwa mu Bwongereza. Ntibasha gutoborwa n’amasasu (Bulletproof).
Minisiteri y’Ubucuruzi yatangarije Rossiya 24 ko umwaka wa 2018 wari kurangira hamaze gukorwa imodoka 16 zisa nkiyo Perezida Putin yagendeyemo ku munsi w’irahira rye.
Imbuga nyinshi zandika ku bigendanye n’imodoka zemeza ko byatwaye miliyoni 192 z’amadorali ya Amerika kugira ngo hakorwe igishushanyo cyayo ndetse inakorwe nubwo hari ibinyamakuru bitangaza ko yatanzweho agera kuri Miliyoni 200 z’amadorali ya Amerika.
Ni umushinga watangiye mu mwaka wa 2012. Yabanje guhabwa izina rya KORTEZH ariko nyuma iza guhabwa izina rya AURUS bishatse gusobanura zahabu y’Uburusiya. AU ni impine ya Aurum, ijambo ry’ikilatini risonura Zahabu naho RUS rikaba impine y’Ubusiya.
Aurus niyo ihagarariye izindi modoka zitwara abayobozi bakuru b’Uburusiya.
Icyo gihe, uruganda rwa Russia’s Central Scientific Research Automobile and Automotive Engines Institute , Nami rwayikoze rwatangazaga ko muri 2019 rwari kuba rwamaze gukora mwene izi modoka zigera kuri 200 zifite igiciro kiri hagati ya $95.500 na $111.500 gusa ntihazwi neza umubare w’izo Leta yagumanye kuko zari gutangira kugurishwa mu baturage basanzwe.
Kugeza ubu ibyinshi biyerekeye biracyari ibanga ariko niyo modoka ndende itwara umukuru w’igihugu ku isi kuko ireshya na metero 6.84. Ikoresha Moteri yo mu bwoko bwa 6.6 Liter V12 yakozwe ku bufasha bw’uruganda rwa Porsche .
Isumba DS 7 Crossback ya Emmanuel Macron uyobora Ubufaransa kuko iye ireshya na metero 4.57 . Isumba kandi Bentley State Limousine y’umwamikazi w’Ubwongereza ireshya na metero 6.22, igasumba Hongqi HQE L9 itwara Perezida w’Ubushinwa ireshya na metero 6.4.
Mu nkuru yayo News Week yahaye umutwe ugira uti “VLADIMIR PUTIN’S NEW BULLETPROOF LIMO FLEET COST $192 MILLION AND RUSSIA WANTS TO SELL HUNDREDS OF THEM’ yo ku wa 8 Gicurasi 2018 yatangaje ko Limousine Putin agendamo ipima toni 6. Niyo modoka ya mbere ikorewe mu Burusiya itwara umukuru w’igihugu kuva muri 1991 nyuma ya ZIL-41047 yagenderwagamo na Mikhail Gorbachev wahoze ayobora icyahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti.
Boris Yeltsin, Putin na Dmitry Medvedev bakurikiyeho bakunze kugendera mu modoka zikorerwa mu Budage zo mu bwoko bwa Mercedes Benz. Mu gihe cyashize Putin yakunze kugendera muri Mercedes S600 Pullman limousine nkuko bitangazwa n’ikinyamakuru Maxim.
Ikinyamakuru Maxim gitangaza ko nubwo ibyinshi biyerekeye bitaratangazwa ariko ngo irimo ikoranabuhanga rihambaye, intwaro ziremereye , itumanaho ryo ku rwego rwo hejuru ndetse n’ubuvuzi bw’ibanze nkuko bijya kumera neza nko ku modoka itwara Trump yitwa The Beast yanahoze itwara Barack Obama.
Aurus, Limousine Putin agendemo
Kuki Putin yateye Ukraine ?
Mu kirere, ku butaka, no mu mazi, Uburusiya bwagabye ibitero simusiga kuri Ukrainne, igihugu cy’abaturage miliyoni 44. Mu mezi ashize Perezida Vladimir Putin yakomeje guhakana ko agamije gutera umuturanyi, nyuma arenga ku masezerano y’amahoro, yohereza ingabo ze ku mipaka ya Ukraine mu majyaruguru, iburasirazuba, n’amajyepfo.
Mu gihe imibare y’abapfuye iri kuzamuka, ubu arashinjwa kubangamira amahoro mu Burayi kandi ibishobora gukurikira birashyira mu kaga umutekano wose w’uwo mugabane.
Ibibuga by’indege, ibiro n’ibirindiro bya gisirikare niho harashweho mbere mu mijyi ikomakomeye muri Ukraine, harimo n’ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Boryspil i Kyiv.
Nyuma ibifaru n’abasirikare bahise bisuka muri Ukraine mu majyaruguru ashyira iburasirazuba, hafi ya Kharkiv, umujyi utuwe n’abantu hafi miliyoni 1.4; iburasirazuba hafi ya Luhansk, guturuka mu gihugu gituranyi cya Bielorussie m majyaruguru, hamwe no guturuka kuri Crimea mu majyepfo.
Ingabo z’Uburusiya zafashe ikibuga cy’indege cya gisirikare kiri hanze gato ya Kyiv kandi zagejeje indege mu mijyi minini iri ku byambu ya Odesa na Mariupol.
Umwanya muto mbere y’uko ibi bitero bitangira kuwa kane, Putin yagiye kuri televiziyo atangaza ko Uburusiya "budashobora gutekana, gutera imbere, no kubaho" kubera icyo yise ikibazo gihoraho cya Ukraine y’ibi bihe.
Impamvu nyinshi yatanze zari ibinyoma cyangwa zirimo kuyobya. Yavuze ko intego ye ari ukurengera abaturage bahohoterwa kandi bashobora gukorerwa jenoside hamwe no "kwambura intwaro no gukura imikorere y’aba-Nazi" muri Ukraine.
Nta jenoside iri muri Ukraine - ni igihugu kirimo demokarasi kiyoborwa n’umutegetsi w’umuyahudi. Perezida Volodymr Zelensky yagize ati: "Ni gute naba umu-Nazi?" ahubwo agereranya ibitero by’Abarusiya n’iby’aba-Nazi mu ntambara ya kabiri y’isi.
Perezida Putin kenshi yashinje Ukraine kwigarurirwa n’abahezanguni, kuva uwahoze ari perezida ushyigikiwe n’Uburusiya, Viktor Yanukovych, yavanwa ku butegetsi mu 2014 nyuma y’imyigaragambyo yamaze amezi yamagana ubutegetsi bwe.
Uburusiya bwahise bwihimura maze butera amajyepfo bufata umwigimbakirwa wa Crimea kandi bushyigikira inyeshyamba mu burasirazuba, zitangira kurwanya leta mu ntambara imaze kugwamo abantu bagera ku 14,000.
Mu mpera za 2021 Putin yatangiye kohereza ingabo ku mipaka y’igihugu cye na Ukraine. Maze muri iki cyumweru arenga ku masezerano y’amahoro ya 2015 atangaza ko uduce two mu burasirazuba tugenzurwa n’inyeshyamba ari leta bemera ko zigenga.
Uburusiya kuva cyera bwarwanyije ko Ukraine yinjira mu muryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi hamwe no mu ishyirahamwe ryo gutabarana rya NATO/OTAN. Atangaza ibitero by’Uburusiya, Putin yashinje NATO kugariza "amateka yacu n’imbere hazaza hacu nk’igihugu."
Uburusiya bwanze kwemera niba bushaka gukuraho ubutegetsi bwatowe muri Ukraine, nubwo buvuga ko mu by’ukuri Ukraine ikwiye "kubohorwa, igakurwamo aba-Nazi". Putin yavuze ibyo kugeza mu nkiko "abakoze ibyaha byinshi byo kumena amaraso y’abasivile".
Biraboneka neza ko igitero cyavuye mu majyaruguru muri Bielorussie hamwe no gufata ikibuga cy’indege kiri hafi ya Kyiv nta gushidikanya umurwa mukuru uri mu mboni ze.
Mu minsi yabanjirije ibitero, ubwo abasirikare bagera ku 200,000 bari hfi ya Ukraine ku mipaka, yari yibanze cyane ku burasirazuba.
Mu kwemera nk’ibihugu byigenga ibice byafashwe n’inyeshyamba bya Donetsk na Luhansk, byari ukwemeza ko aho hantu hatakiri muri Ukraine. Maze ahishura ko ashyigikiye imigambi yabo yo kwagura ubutaka bwabo imbere muri Ukraine. Izo repubulika zifite igice kitageze neza kuri 1/3 cy’ubuso bwose bw’uturere twa Donetsk na Luhansk ubwatwo.
Ni ubuhe bukana ibi bitero bifite k’Uburayi ?
Ibi ni ibihe biteye ubwoba ku baturage ba Ukraine kandi binakomeye ku batuye uwo mugabane wose, kubona igihugu gikomeye gitera igihugu gituranyi bwa mbere kuva intambara ya kabiri y’isi irangiye.
Abasirikare n’abasivile babarirwa muri za mirongo bamaze gupfa kugeza ubu mucyo Ubudage bwise "Intambara ya Putin". Perezida Emmanuel Macron yavuze ko ibi ari ikorosi rikomeye mu mateka y’Uburayi.
Abategetsi batandukanye b’Iburayi kuri bo ibitero by’Uburusiya byazanye ibihe bibi cyane mu Burayi kuva mu myaka ya 1940.
Ku miryango y’abasirikare bo ku mpande zombi iyi ni iminsi mibi. Ukraine yari imaze imyaka umunani ihanganye n’inyeshyamba zishyigikiwe n’Uburusiya. Ubu igisirikare cyasabye abavuye ku rugerero bose bari hagati y’imyaka 18 na 60 kugaruka. Mark Milley umutegetsi mukuru mu ngabo za Amerika yavuze ko ingano y’abasirikare b’Uburusiya yaba "iteye ubwoba" bageze mu mijyi ya Ukraine.
Ibi bitero byahise bigira ingaruka ku bihugu byinshi bituranye na Ukraine n’Uburusiya. Latvia, Pologne na Moldova bivuga ko biri kwitegura kwakira impunzi nyinshi. Ibihe bidasanzwe byatangajwe muri Lithuania na Moldova, aho ibihumbi by’abagore n’abana bamaze guhungira.
Iyi ntabwo ari intambara n’abaturage b’Uburusiya batari biteze, mu gihe inteko ishingamategeko yemezaga ibi bitero.
