Umwaka wa 2020 ugiye gusiga inkuru z’impomamunwa ku misozi. Uretse byinshi byawangirikiyemo ndetse n’ubuzima bwawutikiriyemo kubera icyorezo cya Covid-19 na byinshi mu mibereho y’abantu, hari n’abantu b’ibyamamare bawubonye utangira ariko ukaba urangiye badashobora kureba impera zawo.
Muri iyi nkuru twakoze twifashishije iya BBC, turakugezaho urutonde rw’ibyamamare bikomoka ku mugabane wa Afurika byitabye Imana muri uyu mwaka ubura amasaha make ngo urangire.
Ni ibyamamare mu ngeri zitandukanye zirimo umupira w’amaguru, siyansi, umuziki, ubucuruzi, ubuvuzi, politiki, n’ibindi.
Umupira w’amaguru: Papa Bouba Diop
Umunyasenegali w’icyamamare mu mupira w’amaguru, Papa Bouba Diop yapfuye mu Ugushyingo nyuma yo kurwara igihe kirekire. Azahora yibukwa kubera uko yitwaye mu gikombe cy’isi cyo mu 2002 aho yatsindiye ikipe y’igihugu cye igitego cy’intsinzi mu mukino bakinaga n’u Bufaransa, bikageza Senegal muri ¼ cy’iyo mikino. Nta kipe y’igihugu cya Afurika yari yarenga icyo cyiciro kugeza ubu.
Bouba Diop kandi yanatwaranye FA Cup na Portsmouth mu 2008. Andi makipe yakiniye arimo Fulham, West Ham United, Birmingham City na Lens yo mu Bufaransa.
Ibindi byamamare mu mupira w’amaguru bitabashije kurusimbuka mu 2020 birimo Leon Mokuna wo muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, n’Umunya-Gambia Alhaji Momodu Njie uzwi nka “Biri Biri” bombi bamenyekanye nk’Abanyafurika bamamaye mu ba mbere bakinnye ku mugabane w’u Burayi ndetse n’Umunya-Cameroon Stephen Tataw wamenyekanye kubera kwitwara neza mu bikombe by’isi yakinnye.
Siyansi: Gita Ramjee
Umunyafurika y’Epfo wavukiye muri Uganda akaba umuhanga mu bumenyi (scientist) wamamaye ku isi yose yashizemo umwuka muri Werurwe 2020 azize Covid-19. Yari afite imyaka 63.
Yari azwi cyane kubera ubushakashatsi bwe mu kugabanya ibyago byo kwandura Virusi Itera SIDA mu bakora umwuga wo kwicuruza. Mu myaka ibiri ishize, yahawe igihembo cy’Umugore w’Indashyikirwa mu Bumenyi (Outstanding Female Scientist Award), agihawe na European Development Clinical Trials Partnerships.
Mu bandi bahanga mu bumenyi batarusimbutse mu 2020 harimo Simon Mallam, wayoboraga Nigeria Atomic Energy Commission (Ishami rishinzwe ingufu za ‘nucleaire’ muri Nijeriya), akaba yaraturikanywe na ‘gas’ i Kaduna muri Nijeriya.
Umuziki: Manu Dibango
Umunyakameruni w’umuhanga mu gucuranga ‘saxophone’ na we yazize Covid-19 yamuhitanye muri Werurwe. Yamamaye cyane kubera ubuhanga yakoresheje agahuza injyana y’umuziki ya Jazz na Funk abikomatanyije n’ibicurangisho gakondo nyafurika, anamamara cyane mu ndirimo ye Soul Makossa yasohoye mu 1972. Yapfuye afite imyaka 86.
Ikindi azahora yibukirwaho kandi ni ikirego yarezemo Michael Jackson mu 2009 avuga ko Jackson ‘yashishuye’ indirimbo ye Soul Makossa maze akifashisha tumwe mu duce twayo mu ndirimbo ebyiri ze zo muri Thriller, alubumu ya Jackson yamamaye cyane.
Iki kirego Jackson na Manu Dibango bakemuye ibyacyo bitarinze kugera mu nkiko.
Abandi banyamuziki b’ibyamamare bapfuye mu 2020 barimo icyamamare muri Afrobeat, Tony Alle, Abanyekongo b’ibyatwa, Aurlus Mabele na Kasongo wa Kanema, Balla Sidibe, umwe mu bashinze ‘Orchestre’ Baoba yo muri Senegal, Umunyasomaliya uzwi nk’umwami wa oud Ahmed Ismail Hussein Hudeidi, Umunyakenya John Nzenze, Joseph Shabalala washinze akanaba umuyobozi wa Korali Ladysmith Black Mambazo yamamaye cyane mu ndirimbo zo mu rurimi rw’Ikizulu, Umunyarwanda Kizito Mihigo, Umunyalijeriya Hamid Cheriet uzwi cyane nka Idir, ndetse n’icyamamare mu njyana ya reggae wo muri Nijeriya Majek Fashek na Hachalu Hundessa wo muri Ethiopia.
Ubucuruzi: Richard Maponya
Umunyemari wapfuye muri Mutarama afite imyaka 99 azwi nka se w’abacuruzi muri Afurika y’Epfo ariko wamenyekanye cyane ubwo yangaga kubahiriza amategeko yari yarashyizweho n’abazungu bategekaga Afurika y’Epfo mu bihe bya ‘apartheid’ maze yubaka ubukungu bwe muri ibyo bihe bikomeye.
I Soweto,ahari hatuye abirabura benshi mu bihe bya ‘apartheid’ yahatangije ubucuruzi bw’imodoka za BMW n’iguriro rizwi nka Maponya Mall.
Ubuvuzi: Hawa Abdi
Umuganga w’Umunyasomaliyakazi akaba kandi impirimbanyi y’uburenganzira bwa muntu, wapfuye muri Kanama afite imyaka 73, yari azwi cyane nka “Mama Tereza wa Somaliya” kubera ubuvuzi yahaga ku buntu abavanywe mu byabo n’intambara zo muri icyo gihugu.
Ubwo ibitaro by’ahitwa Lower Shabelle byagabwagaho igitero mu 2011 n’intagondwa zigendera ku mahame akakaye ya kiyisilamu mu 2011, yahagaze ku maguru ye yombi maze izi ntagondwa zisubira inyuma nyuma y’aho amagana y’abagore b’aho bigaragambirije.
Abandi bahanga mu buvuzi baryamiye akaboko k’abagabo mu 2020 harimo inzobere mu kubaga yo muri Sudani Adil El Tavar, Umunyanijeriya Emeka Chugbo, Umunyamisiri Ashraf Emarahwari inzobere mu kubaga uruhu wakoreraga muri Kenya n’Umunyakameruni Tchouamo Michel bose bazize koronavirusi. Undi muganga wasize ubuzima mu 2020 ni Catherine Hamlim, Umunya- Australia w’umuhanga mu kuvura indwara z’abagore waje no guhabwa ubwenegihugu bwa Ethiopia kubera akazi k’indashyikirwa yakoze mu kuvura indwara y’abagore izwi nko ‘kujojoba’ cyangwa ‘fistula’.
Politiki: Daniel Arap Moi
Umugabo wihariye urubuga rwa politiki rwa Kenya mu gihe kingana na ¼ cy’ikinyejana yatabarutse muri Gashyantare amaze imyaka 95 avutse. Ni we wayoboye Kenya igihe kirekire kuva iki gihugu cyabona ubwigenge kuko yabaye perezida wacyo kuva mu 1978 kugeza mu 2002.
Abamushyigikiye bamushimira ko yatumye Kenya igira amahoro n’umutuzo mu gihe abamunenga bo bamugayira ko yasyaga atanditse ku bataravugaga rumwe n’ubuyobozi bwe. Ndetse mu 2004, yasabye imbabazi “abo yari yaragiriye nabi”.
Ibindi byamamare muri politiki nyafurika byapfuye mu 2020 birimo Amadou Gon Coulibaly wabaye Minisitiri w’Intebe wa Cote d’Ivoire, Ambrose Dlamini wabaye na we Minisitiri wa Eswatini [Swaziland] na Petero Nkurunziza wari Perezida w’u Burundi.
Hari abandi bakuru b’ibihugu by’Afurika kandi bapfuye muri uyu mwaka barimo Jerry Rawlings wabaye perezida wa Ghana, Hosni Mubarak wabaye Perezida wa Misiri, Benjamin Mkapa wa Tanzania, Moussa Traoré na Amadou Toumani Touré bombi ba Mali, Mamadou Tandja wa Niger, Pierre Buyoya w’u Burundi, Jacques Joaquim Yhombi-Opango wa Congo-Brazzaville na Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallah wa Mauritania.
Ibindi bikomerezwa muri politiki byarangije ingendo zabyo z’ubuzima mu 2020 birimo Mahmoud Jibril wo muri Libiya, Hassan Abshir Farah na Sadiq al-Mahdi bose bari bari ba minisitiri b’intebe b’ibihugu byabo.
Uwarwanyije apartheid: Zindzi Mandela
Umuhererezi mu bakobwa ba Nelson Mandela wabaye perezida wa mbere w’umwirabura wayoboye Afurika y’Epfo, Zindzi Mandela yakoraga nka ambasaderi w’igihugu cye muri Denmark ubwo yapfaga azize Covid-19 muri Nyakanga afite imyaka 59.
Zindzi Mandela yabyirutse urugamba rwo kurwanya irondakoko ryakorerwaga abirabura bagenzi be ruhamye. Iki gihe se Mandela yari afungiwe ku Kirwa cya Robben (Robben Island). Mu 1985 yasomye mu ruhamne urwandiko rwa se rwamaganaga imbabazi PW Bother wari perezida icyo gihe yari yamuhaye ariko zimusaba ibindi we atemeraga.
Abandi batabashije kurenza umwaka wa 2020 mu y’ubuzima bwabo ni Umunyamategeko George Bizos wamamaye cyane kuko yaburaniye Nelson Mandela na Andrew Mlangeni na Denis Goldberg bakatiwe hamwe na Nelson mu rubanza rwabereye i Rivonia.
Ubuvanganzo: Nikita Pearl Waligwa
Afite gusa imyaka 15 y’amavuko ni bwo umukinnyi wa filimi w’Umunya- Uganda, Nikita Pearl Waligwa yashizemo umwuka azize ikibyimba cyo ku bwonko. Hari muri Gashyantare. Uyu wamamaye cyane muri filimi Queen of Katwe, yabanje kubagwa mu 2016 nyuma y’aho umuyobozi w’iyo filimi (Queen of Katwe) akoreye ubukangurambaga bwo kumukusanyiriza amafaranga yishyuwe ngo abagirwe mu Buhinde. Nyuma y’umwaka, abaganga bamwemereye gukomeza gukora ibikorwa yari yari asanzwe akora nyamara mu 2019 aza gusanganwa ikindi kibyimba ku bwonko.
Abandi bahanga mu buvanganzo batabashije kurenga umwaka wa 2020 barimo abanditsi b’Abanyanijeriya Chukwuemeka Ike n’umusizi John Pepper Clark, Umwanditsi w’Umunyakenya Ken Walibora wandikaga ibihangano bye mu giswahili, umukinnyi w’icyatwa wa filimi w’Umunyamisiri Mahmoud Yassine ndetse n’umufotozi w’icyamamare wo muri Afurika y’Epfo Santu Mofokeng.
Impirimbanyi: Lina Ben Mhenni
Umunyatuniziyakazi w’impirimbanyi y’uburenganzira bwa muntu yapfuye muri Mutarama azize uburwayi yari amaranye igihe kirekire bwa ‘lupus’ bufata umuntu iyo abasirikari b’umubiri we batera ibice n’utunyangingo tw’umubiri we. Yapfuye afite imyaka 26 y’amavuko misa.
Uyu yamamaye cyane muri ‘Arab Spring’ mu 2011 kubera inyandiko yacishaga ku rubuga rwe rwa interineti ‘blog’ ruzwi nka ‘Tunisian Girl’. Ni umwe mu bantu bafashe mu mashusho yerekana uko leta yiraye ku bigaragambirizaga ahitwa Sidi Bouzid aho imyigaragambyo- nyuma yaje gukura ku butegetsi Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali wategekanaga igitugu Tuniziya- yatangiriye bikanaba imbarutso kandi y’impinduramatwara zo mu bihugu by’Abarabu byakuyeho abakuru b’ibihugu byinshi.
Izindi mpirimbanyi twabuze mu 2020 harimo Umunya-Uganda Barbara Allimadi wamamaye myigaragambyo abagore b’i Bugande bakoze berekanye ‘amasutiye’, impirimbanyi y’Umunyalibiya yarwanyaga ifatwa ku ngufu, Hanan al-Barassi n’Umunyanijeriya wamamaye mu myigaragambyo ya #EndSars Anthony Unuode.
Urupfu rwagize ingaruka cyane mu gihe gito: Hachalu Hundessa
Urupfu rw’umuririmbyi, umwanditsi w’indirimbo n’impirimbanyi y’uburenganzira bwa muntu w’Umunya-Ethiopia wishwe muri Kamena rwazuye imyivumbagatanyo na rwaserera zishingiye ku moko muri Ethiopia yanatumye abasaga 160 bahasiga ubuzima ndetse n’abazwi nk’abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bwa Ethiopia barimo Jawar Mohammed bagezwa imbere y’inkiko bashinjwa ibyaha by’iterabwoba.
Indirimo za Hachalu zibandaga cyane ku burenganzira bw’abo mu bwoko bw’aba Oromo, ubwoko bufite umubare munini w’abaturage b’icyo gicyo gihugu. Izi ndirimbo zabaye nka ‘Rwanda Nziza’ mu gihe cy’imyigaragambyo yabaye intandaro yo guhirima kwa minisitiri w’intebe wabanjirije uriho ubu muri Ethiopia. Hari mu 2018.
Ku mpirimbanyi z’uburenganzira bwa muntu, twavuga gato by’umwihariko kuri Perezida w’u Burundi Petero Nkurunziza wapfuye yari amaze imyaka 15 ku butegetsi. Ubwo uyu wahoze ari umuyobozi w’inyeshyamba yajyaga ku butegetsi yasaga n’uje kwimakaza amahoro ariko gushaka manda ye ya mu 2015 byateje imvururu zikigira ingaruka ku gihugu cye kugeza ubu. Yapfuye habura gato ngo arekure ubutegetsi ariko bikaba byari biteganyijwe ko azagirwa “Umutegetsi w’Ikirenga” w’igihugu.
