Ni rwo rwari urubanza rwa mbere rutangaje cyane rubayeho muri Vietnam, ruhwanye neza neza na bumwe mu buriganya bwa mbere bukomeye cyane bwo muri banki isi yigeze yabona.
Mu cyumba kinini cy’urukiko cyo mu mujyi wa Ho Chi Minh City, umugore w’imyaka 67 ukora mu bucuruzi bw’inyubako, yakatiwe igihano cy’urupfu kuri uyu wa kane nyuma yo guhamwa no gusahura imwe muri za banki nini cyane zo muri Vietnam mu gihe cy’imyaka 11.
Ni umwanzuro w’urukiko w’imbonekarimwe – ni umwe mu bagore bacye cyane bo muri Vietnam ukatiwe igihano cy’urupfu ku cyaha cyo mu rwego rw’imari.
Iki cyemezo cy’urukiko kijyanye n’umubare w’ayo mafaranga wagutera muzunga (isereri).
Truong My Lan yahamwe no gutwara miliyari 44 z’amadolari y’Amerika yo mu nguzanyo muri banki y’ubucuruzi, izwi nka Saigon Commercial Bank. Umwanzuro w’urukiko umusaba kugarura miliyari 27 z’amadolari muri ayo, abashinjacyaha bavuze ko izo zishobora kutazigera na rimwe zigaruzwa.
Bamwe bemeza ko icyo gihano cy’urupfu ari uburyo bw’urukiko bwo kumwotsa igitutu ngo afashe mu kwerekana aho izindi miliyari zaburiwe irengero ziherereye.
Abategetsi b’amahame ya gikomunisiti yo gukorera mu ibanga bo muri icyo gihugu, mu buryo butamenyerewe bavuze kuri uru rubanza nta guca ku ruhande, barubwiraho abanyamakuru ingingo ku yindi.
Bavuga ko bahamagaje abatangabuhamya 2,700. Uru rubanza rwari rurimo abashinjacyaha 10 ba leta n’abunganizi mu mategeko bagera kuri 200.
Ibimenyetso byo muri uru rubanza byari biri mu dusanduku 104, bikaba bipima toni esheshatu. Abantu 85 bareganwaga na Truong My Lan, waburanye ahakana ibyo aregwa.
Umunyamabanga mukuru w’ishyaka rya gikomunisiti, Nguyen Phu Trong, yahagurukiye kurwanya ruswa kuva mu 2016
David Brown, wahoze ari umutegetsi muri minisiteri y’ububanyi n’amahanga y’Amerika, ubu uri mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru, wakoreye muri Vietnam igihe kirekire, yagize ati: "Mu gihe cyanjye mpakorera ku butegetsi bwa gikomunisiti, ntekereza ko nta rubanza nk’uru rwo mu ruhame aho uregwa asa nk’uwamaze guhamywa icyaha rwari rwarigeze rubaho.
"Rwose nta kintu na kimwe cyo kuri uru rwego cyari cyarigeze kibaho."
Uru rubanza ni rwo rwari igihe gitangaje cyane kibayeho kugeza ubu muri gahunda yo kurwanya ruswa, iyobowe n’umunyamabanga mukuru w’ishyaka rya gikomunisiti, Nguyen Phu Trong, yatangiye ahanini mu 2016.
Nguyen, ukomeye ku bya kera, yemeza ko uburakari bw’abaturage kuri ruswa idahashywa, buteje inkeke ku kwiharira ubutegetsi kw’ishyaka rya gikomunisiti.
Iyo gahunda yatumye abaperezida babiri na ba minisitiri w’intebe bungirije babiri bahatirwa kwegura, ndetse abategetsi babarirwa mu magana barihanizwa cyangwa barafungwa. None ubu umwe mu bagore bakize cyane bo muri iki gihugu na we yabaye umwe muri bo.
Truong My Lan yatangiye acuruza ku gatanda ko ku isoko, acuruzanya na mama we ibikoresho byo kongera ubwiza, ariko aza gutangira kugura ubutaka n’inyubako nyuma yuko ishyaka rya gikomunisiti rizanye igihe cy’amavugurura mu bukungu, kizwi nka Doi Moi, mu 1986. Kugeza mu myaka ya 1990, yari atunze za hoteli nyinshi na za resitora.
Nubwo Vietnam izwi cyane mu mahanga nk’igihugu gifite urwego rw’inganda rukura mu buryo bwihuse, nk’ahantu hashobora gusimbura ibicuruzwa biva mu Bushinwa, benshi mu baherwe bo muri Vietnam babonye amafaranga binyuze mu bikorwa by’ubucuruzi bushingiye ku nyubako.
Ubutaka bwose buba ari ubwa leta. Kubugeraho akenshi binyura mu mubano umuntu aba afitanye n’abategetsi bo muri leta. Ruswa yariyongereye cyane uko ubukungu bwagendaga bukura, nuko ihinduka ikiza.
Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2011, Truong My Lan yari umucuruzi uzwi cyane mu mujyi wa Ho Chi Minh City, ndetse yemererwa guhuriza hamwe za banki eshatu nto zari zifite ikibazo cy’amafaranga, azikoramo banki imwe nini, yitwa Saigon Commercial Bank (SCB).
Amategeko ya Vietnam abuza umuntu kugira imigabane irenze 5% muri banki iyo ari yo yose.
Ariko abashinjacyaha bavuga ko abinyujije mu zindi kompanyi nto no mu bantu yakoreshaga nk’abahagarariye inyungu ze, Truong My Lan mu by’ukuri yari afite imigabane irenga 90% muri iyo banki y’ubucuruzi.
Abantu barimo kuruhuka ku nkombe y’uruzi rwa Saigon mu mujyi wa Ho Chi Minh City
Bamushinje gukoresha ubwo bubasha mu gushyiraho abantu be akabagira abayobozi ba banki, nuko akabategeka gutanga inguzanyo zibarirwa mu magana, bakaziha za kompanyi nto yabaga agenzura.
Umubare w’amafaranga yakuye muri iyo banki arenze ukwemera. Inguzanyo ze zari zihariye 93% by’inguzanyo zose iyo banki yatanze.
Abashinjacyaha bavuga ko mu gihe cy’imyaka itatu uhereye muri Gashyantare (2) mu 2019, yategetse umushoferi we kubikuza za tiriyari 108 z’ama dong akoreshwa muri Vietnam, ayo arenga miliyari 4 z’amadolari y’Amerika, za ’cash’, azikura muri iyo banki, azibika mu cyumba cyo hasi cyo mu nzu.
Amafaranga angana gutyo ya ’cash’, ni yo yose aza kuba ari mu noti z’agaciro kanini cyane za Vietnam, na bwo yapima toni ebyiri.
Ariko harimo kwibazwa n’ukuntu yashoboye gukomeza gukora igihe kirekire cyane ubwo buriganya.
David Brown yemeza ko Truong My Lan yari akingiwe ikibaba n’ibikomerezwa byamaze imyaka za mirongo byiganje mu bucuruzi na politiki mu mujyi wa Ho Chi Minh City.
Brown anabona hari ikintu gikomeye kirimo kuba, arebye ukuntu uru rubanza rwaburanishijwe: nk’uburyo bwo kongera gushimangira ububasha bw’ishyaka rya gikomunisiti ku muco w’ubucuruzi bwo gukora icyo bishakiye urangwa mu bacuruzi bo mu majyepfo.
Ati: "Icyo Nguyen Phu Trong n’inshuti ze mu ishyaka barimo kugerageza gukora ni ukwisubiza ijambo kuri Saigon, cyangwa nibura kuyibuza kubaca mu myanya y’intoki [mu kuyigenzura]."
BBC
