Ubufaransa bwabaye igihugu cya mbere ku isi mu buryo bweruye gishyize mu itegekonshinga ryacyo uburenganzira bwo gukuramo inda.
Abadepite n’abasenateri batoye bemeza ko itegekonshinga ry’Ubufaransa ryo mu 1958 rivugururwa kugira ngo hashyirwemo "ubwisanzure bwemewe" bw’abagore bwo gukuramo inda.
Ayo matora ku bwiganze bw’amajwi 780 babishyigikiye na 72 batabishyigikiye, yatumye habaho guhaguruka no gukoma amashyi nk’uburyo bwo gutanga icyubahiro mu nteko ishingamategeko i Versailles, ubwo ibyavuye muri ayo matora yo ku wa mbere byatangazwaga.
Perezida w’Ubufaransa Emmanuel Macron yavuze ko icyo gikorwa ari "ishema ry’Ubufaransa" ryohereje "ubutumwa ku isi".
Ariko amatsinda adashyigikiye gukuramo inda yanenze bikomeye iyo mpinduka, n’i Vatican kwa Papa bayinenze.
Kuva mu mwaka wa 1975, gukuramo inda byemewe n’amategeko mu Bufaransa, ariko amakusanyabitekerezo agaragaza ko abaturage bagera kuri 85% bari bashyigikiye kuvugurura itegekonshinga mu rwego rwo kurinda uburenganzira bwo gukuramo inda.
Kandi nubwo ibindi bihugu byinshi bishyira mu mategekonshinga yabyo uburenganzira ku myororokere, Ubufaransa ni bwo bwa mbere bweruye bukavuga ko gukuramo inda bizaba bibungabunzwe.
Ribaye ivugurura rya 25 kuri iyi nyandiko-shingiro y’Ubufaransa bwo muri iki gihe, n’ivugurura rya mbere ribayeho kuva mu mwaka wa 2008.
Nyuma y’ayo matora, umunara wa Eiffel mu murwa mukuru Paris washyizweho urumuri mu rwego rwo kubyizihiza, ruherekezwa n’amagambo agira ati: "Umubiri Wanjye Amahitamo Yanjye."
Mbere y’ayo matora, Minisitiri w’intebe w’Ubufaransa Gabriel Attal yabwiye inteko ishingamategeko ko uburenganzira bwo gukuramo inda bukiri "mu byago" kandi ko buri "mu biganza bw’abafata ibyemezo".
Yongeyeho ati: "Turimo kohereza ubutumwa ku bagore bose: umubiri wawe ni uwawe kandi nta muntu n’umwe ushobora kugufatira icyemezo."
Nubwo kutabishyigikira kw’abakomeye cyane ku bya kera kwananiwe kwigaragaza, Perezida Macron yashinjwe gukoresha itegekonshinga mu ntego zijyanye n’amatora.
Ababinenga bavuga ko iryo vugurura ryo ubwaryo atari ribi uko ryakabaye, ariko ko ritari ngombwa, bashinja perezida kugerageza kwifashisha iyo ngingo mu kongera ibyo yagezeho nk’umunyapolitiki wo mu murongo uharanira impinduka.
Kuva mu 1975, itegeko (ku gukuramo inda) ryavuguruwe inshuro icyenda - kandi kuri buri nshuro hagamijwe kongera umubare w’abo iyo gahunda igeraho.
Akanama k’Ubufaransa k’itegekonshinga - urwego rufata icyemezo ku iremezo ry’amategeko - nta na rimwe kari kabigiraho ikibazo.
Mu cyemezo cy’ako kanama cyo mu mwaka wa 2001, kavuze ko kashingiye kwemera kwako kwo gukuramo inda, ku bwisanzure buri mu itangazo ry’uburenganzira ryo mu 1789 (Déclaration des droits de l’Homme), urebye riri mu bigize itegekonshinga ry’Ubufaransa.
Inzobere mu mategeko nyinshi cyane zivuga ko gukuramo inda byari bisanzwe ari uburenganzira buri mu itegekonshinga.
Iyo mpinduka mu itegekonshinga yatijwe umurindi n’ibiherutse kuba muri Amerika, aho uburenganzira bwo gukuramo inda bwakuweho n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu 2022. Za leta ukwazo muri Amerika ubu zishobora kubuza icyo gikorwa nanone, ibyo bikuraho uburenganzira bwo gukuramo inda ku bagore babarirwa muri za miliyoni.
Icyemezo cyo gushyira uburenganzira bwo gukuramo inda mu itegekonshinga ry’Ubufaransa cyakiriwe neza n’abantu benshi.
Laura Slimani, wo mu muryango uharanira uburenganzira, Fondation des Femmes, yagize ati: "Ubu burenganzira [bwo gukuramo inda] bwasubiye inyuma muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe [z’Amerika].
"Kandi rero nta kintu na kimwe cyaduhaga uruhushya rwo gutekereza ko Ubufaransa budashobora kugerwaho n’ibi byago."
Yongeyeho ati: "Mfite imbamutima nyinshi, nk’impirimbanyi iharanira uburenganzira bw’abagore, ndetse [nanjye] nk’umugore."
Ariko si buri wese ubishyigikiye. Vatican yasubiyemo aho ihagaze mu kutemera gukuramo inda.
Mu itangazo, Vatican yagize iti: "Ntihashobora kubaho ’uburenganzira’ bwo kwambura umuntu ubuzima," yunga mu ry’abasenyeri gatolika bo mu Bufaransa basanzwe baragaragaje impungenge zabo.
Yasabye "leta zose n’amadini yose gukora uko bashoboye kose kugira ngo, muri iki cyiciro cy’amateka, kurinda ubuzima bihinduke ikintu ntakuka cyihutirwa".
BBC
