N’igihe ibyo umuntu ahemberwa gukora nk’akazi cyangwa umushahara byiyongereye ukaba wanikuba kabiri, ubanza biri muri kamere muntu gushaka gukomeza ibirenzeho kandi ko byakwiyongera, n’ejo akongera akifuza ko byiyongera.
Mu mwaka ushize, Samantha yahembwaga umushahara w’asaga $200,000, arasaga miliyoni 200FRW kandi akongeraho inyongera n’uduhimbazamusyi tugera ku $100,000 igihe yakoraga ko kigo cy’imari mu ikompanyi imwe y’umuntu ku giti cye.
Uyu mwari w’imyaka 34 atuye mu mujyi wa New York, aho ikigereranyo cy’ayo umuntu yinjiza ku kwezi ari $70.000, ni miliyoni zisaga 70FRW. Inzu ye iri mu mudugudu wa Tribecan i Manhattan, usanga uherereye hafi y’ibice birangwamo n’ikibazo cy’ibiciro bihanitse kurusha ahandi mu mujyi.
Samantha ajya afata akanya agatemberana n’inshuti inshuro runaka mu mwaka, kenshi arira mu nzu zicururizwamo icyayi n’ikawa ndetse na za resitora kandi muri iki gihe cyose ahembwe abasha kugira amafaranga yizigamira ku mpera za buri kwezi.
Avuga ko umushahara we ari munini, mwiza kandi ushimishije. Ariko Samantha twirinze kuvuga izina rye rindi ku bw’impamvu z’umutekano w’akazi ke, ku ruhande rumwe ntiyiyumvamo ko ari hejuru ndetse anyuzwe bihagije n’uyu mushahara.
Ati: “Nsobanukiwe neza ko rwose ku rwego rwanjye, muri iki gihugu ndi mu bantu bahembwa neza umushahara uhanitse ku byerekeye ibyo umuntu yinjiza ku kwezi kandi ndabishimira kuko nagize amahirwe cyane. Gusa ariko nyine sinzi aho biva rwose kuko mpora ntekereza numva nifuza ko nahembwa menshi aruta ayo mbona ubu. Ntekereza ko biva kuri kamere y’ikiremwamuntu.”
Ahari Samantha yaba avuga ukuri. Ni byo abakoresha bongeza abakozi babo imishahara bagendeye ku buryo ubukungu n’ibiciro ku masoko byifashe ndetse n’isoko ry’umurimo ritoroshye aho akazi kukabona ari ingume ubushomeri bukaba bwarabaye nk’icyorezo cyane cyane mu rubyiruko kandi atari mu Rwanda gusa.
Icyakora inzobere zindi zivuga ko inyongera zishyirwa ku mishahara zidashobora guhaza no kunyura abandi bakozi cyane cyane abo mu myanya y’akazi gashingira ku bumenyi baba bashaka gusa ko umushahara wiyongera.
Mu by’ukuri, abahanga bavuga ko usanga abantu benshi bahembwa imishahara iri hejuru gato y’ikigereranyo gisanzwe cyo ku rwego mpuzamahanga nta bushobozi bafite bwo kumva bahagijwe byuzuye n’ingano y’amafaranga bahembwa.
Akantu ko kwigereranya n’urwiganwa
Impamvu imwe abantu nka Samantha basa n’aho batanyurwa n’ingano yo hejuru y’amafaranga bahembwa ubu ni uko abantu muri rusange bifitemo kamere karemano yo kwigereranya n’abandi.
Kenshi mu busanzwe abantu bigereranya n’abo mu myaka yabo, abo bakora akazi kamwe cyangwa mu nganda zimwe z’imirimo ndetse n’abo bakorana na bo buri munsi.
“Dukunda gusa kwigereranya n’itsinda ry’abantu bake, ntitwigereranya n’umubare munini w’abantu. Ku bw’ibyo, usanga kubera ko umuntu ashobora kuba ari muri 1% ry’abantu bahembwa imishahara myiza, usanga ari inshuti ze za hafi cyangwa abakozi bagenzi be bo hafi yawe bari mu rwego nk’urwawe rw’umushahara hanyuma ugasanga umuntu arigereranya na bo,” ni ko bisobanurwa na Porofeseri Danna Greenberg, umwalimu w’imiyitwarire wigisha muri Kaminuza ya Babson i Massachussets.
Prof. Greenberg agira ati: “Igihe cyose umuntu yigereranya na rubanda bandi, iteka ryose usanga hari umuntu ufite icyo akurusha, ahembwa neza kukurusha, hanyuma ugasanga biramusunikira kumva yifuza kujya imbere mu mushahara akarenzaho.”
Iyo abantu bahembwa akayabo basohokanye n’abahembwa make, habaho kwizigamira kuri aba bahembwa menshi iyo baririye muri resitora
Greenberg avuga ko ikindi kintu kiza muri ibi ari ukwikunda, kwiyemera no gukunda icyubahiro.
Abisobanura agira ati: “Abantu benshi, cyane cyane muri Amerika, kandi ibi biba ku bagabo kurusha abagore, basanisha imishahara yabo nk’ikimenyetso cy’ubukungu no kuba bafite icyubahiro n’umumaro kurusha abandi.
Ukwikunda no gukunda icyubahiro ni cyo gituma umuntu yumba ashaka kumera nk’abandi cyangwa kubaruta kurushaho bituma yumva umushahara we wakongezwa.”
Iyo umukozi yigereranije n’abandi bakozi ntiygereranye na rubanda muri rusange, bizamura akantu ko kurushanwa ngo umuntu arebe ko yarusha abo bangana cyangwa banganya amashuri umushahara na we agire ako gashema
Samantha yemera ibi avuga ati: “Iyo ndi kumwe n’abantu twiganye mu mashuri yisumbuye usanga muri rusange bakora akazi gahemba umushahara muto ugereranije n’uwanjye, mu kuri, numva nishimiye umushara wanjye. Icyakora iyo nsubiye ku kazi, cyangwa iyo ngeze mu bo dukorana, mpita numva bihindutse.”
Tessa West, umwalimu wigisha iby’imitekerereze (psychology) muri kaminuza ya New York avuga ko igikomeza ibi bintu ari uko kuganira ku mushahara umuntu ahembwa ari ikintu cyabaye nka kirazira mu mateka.
Nubwo umuco wo guhisha ibanga ku byo umuntu ahembwa na wo wogeye mu bigo byinshi, umubare mwinshi w’abakozi ugenda wiyongera ku bashimishwa n’ibiganiro byerekeye uduhimbazamusyi umuntu abonera mu kazi.
Ati “Amategeko mashya asaba abakoresha gutangaza imishahara ku mwanya w’akazi runaka na yo yagiye atuma henshi umushahara w’umuntu utakiri ibanga noneho bigatuma byorohera abantu kwigereranya na runaka.”
Kutanyurwa!!!
Brendan ukorera akazi i Manhattan, na we ntatekereza ko azigera ashimishwa n’amafaranga menshi ahabwa.
Mu mwaka ushize yahembwaga hafi $150,000 [ni hafi miliyoni 150FRW] igihe yari umukozi wa banki.
Brendan, umusore w’imyaka 32 agira ati: “Mu by’ukuri kongezwa umushahara ni byiza, ariko se, nzagera ku rwego nshobora kuvuga ngo “rwose ni byo nishimiye amafaranga mpembwa, sinifuza ko hagira uwanyongereraho’? Oya sintekereza ko icyo cyabaho ngo ibyo bishoboke.”
Avuga ko kongerezwa umushahara bituma agira inyota irushijeho yo kongera kongezwa umushahara, kuko yabonye igishoboka.
Ati “Mu by’ukuri ugenda uhabwa ibihano bito- cyangwa ikindi gihe ugahabwa ibikomeye bitewe no kuzamurwa mu ntera y’akazi, rero ntekereza ko ari nk’ubwoko runaka bw’ububata [addiction] bwibasiye abantu.”
Samantha yemera kandi ko guhabwa inyongezo ku mushahara ku mwaka bitari umwaka utaha- cyangwa inyongera buri mwaka umwe, hanyuma uriya muto ukurikira- ari ikintu gikomeye cyane.
Ati “Ntekereza ko ahari impamvu ari uko muri iyo mimerere, utigereranya n’abandi bantu, ahubwo na none wigereranya na wowe ubwawe wo mu mwaka ushize, kandi ibyo bishobora kuba bibi uramutse wiyumvisemo ko wasubiye inyuma mu buryo runaka.”
Ku kigero cyo hejuru, Samantha avuga ko atekereza ko impamvu ahora ashaka gukora cyane kurushaho buri gihe bishoboka kubera ko afite icyerekezo cyo kugumana ingano y’amadolari aza kuri sheki ahemberwaho maze bikaba igipimo kimwereka iterambere rye ku giti cye.
Ati “Ntekereza ko nizera ko uba witezweho guhora uzamura inyungu irenze ku zo wagiraga mbere kandi igihe cyose uteye imbere cyangwa ukazamurwa mu ntera mu kazi kawe, witegwaho kongera inyungu yawe n’iy’abo ukorera, bivuga ko ubwinshi bw’ibyo ninjiza mbugereranya n’ubw’ibyo ninjiriza umukoresha wanjye.”
Prof. Tessa West na we asobanura ko akayihayiho n’agatima karehareha ka buri munsi ko kwinjiza ibiruta ibyo umuntu yinjizaga ejo hashize gashobora gusobanurwa mu buryo bw’imibereho n’imimerere y’ubuzima aho iyo winjiza menshi kurushaho bigufasha kugira amahitamo arenzeho y’uko ubaho ndetse n’imimerere y’imibereho ikajya ku rwego rwo hejuru mbese ukaba ushobora guhaha byinshi kandi bitandukanye.
Hanyuma rero, nk’uko West abivuga, bishoboka ko kubera iyo mpamvu iteka abakozi bazahora badatuje ndetse bahangayikishijwe n’imishahara yabo. Kandi igihe cyose habayeho ukwiyongera kw’imishahara, bashobora kumenyera no kwisanga mu buzima buhenze, kandi na bwo bukongera ubushake bwo kwiyongera kw’ibyo umuntu yinjiza.
