Mu gihe imirwano ikaze ikomeje guca ibintu muri teritwari ya Masisi hagati ya M23 n’ingabo za leta (FARDC) hamwe n’abafatanya nazo, imwe mu ntwaro irimo gukoreshwa n’uruhande rwa leta ni indege zitagira abadereva zizwi nka drone.
Umuvugizi w’umutwe wa M23 ntasiba kuvuga ko ingabo za leta zirimo gukoresha drone mu “kurasa buhumyi” ku basivile mu duce dutandukanye twa Masisi.
Mu kwezi gushize, M23 yemeje urupfu rwa bamwe mu bakomanda bayo babiri, bivugwa ko barashwe n’igitero cya drone. Mu cyumweru gishize M23 yerekanye ibice ivuga ko ari ibya drone ya CH-4 yahanuye, BBC ntiyashoboye kugenzura aya makuru mu buryo bwigenga.
Leta, ifatanyije n’ingabo za SADC, n’imitwe y’inyeshyamba ihuriye mu kitwa Wazalendo, irimo kugerageza kwambura M23 uduce yafashe mu gihe uyu mutwe – ubu uri ku ntera ibarirwa muri 25km uvuye i Goma – uvuga ko ukomeje kwigarurira utundi duce.
Abahanga mu bya gisirikare bemeza ko drone ari intwaro nshya ishobora guhindura ibintu ku rugamba muri iki gihe. Mu ntangiriro z’umwaka ushize hemejwe amakuru ko leta ya Kinshasa yatumije mu Bushinwa izo kuyifasha kurwana na M23.
Muri Gicurasi (5) ishize, Africa intelligence, igitangazamakuru cyandika ku makuru y’ubutasi n’ibya gisirikare, cyemeje ko leta ya Kinshasa yakiriye drones z’intambara eshatu za mbere za CH-4 muri drones icyenda (9) yatumije ku kigo China Aerospace Science and Technology Corp.
Iki kinyamakuru cyavuze ko izindi esheshatu zagombaga kugera muri DR Congo mu mpera z’umwaka ushize.
Amakuru ko DR Congo yatumije kandi yakiriye drones z’intambara zivuye mu Bushinwa yemejwe kandi n’izindi mbuga zitandukanye zandika ku makuru y’ubutasi n’ibya gisirikare byo mu Bushinwa, Amerika n’Iburayi.
Kuva mu mpera z’umwaka ushize, M23 yatangiye gutangaza ko irimo kuraswaho n’ingabo za leta zikoresheje bene izi drone za CH-4. Igisirikare cya DR Congo nacyo cyemeje ko izi drones “zatangiye gukoreshwa mu kurwanya umwanzi”.
CH-4 ni drone bwoko ki ?
Caihong 4 cyangwa CH-4 ni drone zikorerwa mu Bushinwa zishobora gukorera ubutasi no kurasa ku butaka no mu mazi ziri hejuru cyane mu kirere kugera kuri 5,000m.
Urubuga Militarydrones (China Defence) rutanga amakuru y’ubucuruzi bw’intwaro ku isi, ruvuga ko CH-4 iyo iri mu kirere iba igurutswa n’abakozi babiri babihugukiwe bari kuri ‘control station’ baba bahabwa amashusho n’amakuru y’ibyo ireba biva ku cyogajuru.
Justin Bronk, wo mu kigo Royal United Services Institute cy’i Londres mu Bwongereza avuga ko izi drone za CH-4 zikoresha itumanaho ry’icyogajuru (satellite) y’Ubushinwa mu kureba no gupima ahantu zishaka kurasa ziri kure.
Hari amoko abiri ya bene izi drone, ayo ni CH-4A na CH-4B.
Militarydrones ivuga ko CH-4A ari drone yakorewe ubutasi gusa, ishobora kumara amasaha hagati ya 30 na 40 iri mu kirere, mu gihe CH-4B yo yakozwe ku buryo ishobora gukora ubutasi ariko no kurasa, ibasha gutwara ibisasu bitandatu n’ubushobozi bwo kwikorera kugeza kuri 345 kg.
Ibindi biranga drones za CH-4
- Umwaka zatangiye gukorwa: 2014
- Uburebure: 11 m
- Ubugari (harimo n’amababa yayo): 20 m
- Ubujyejuru: 3.8 m
- Uburemere (irimo ubusa): 1,600 kg
- Imbaraga: moteri imwe y’imbaraga za 900 horsepower (imbaraga nk’iza moteri y’imodoka ya Lamborghini Asterion ya 2014)
- Umuvuduko: 350 km/h
- Ikigo kizikora: China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC)
- Ubushobozi: Kurasa ku butaka no mu mazi; n’ubutasi
- Kurasa: Ishobora kurasira ku butumburuke bwa 5,000m (ibituma bigora imbunda zirasa indege kuyigezaho)
Ubushinwa ku isoko rya drone z’intambara
Uretse DR Congo, kuva mu 2014 ibindi bihugu birimo Iraq, Pakistan na Saudi Arabia byakoresheje bene izi drone mu mirwano itandukanye. Harimo izo Saudi Arabia yakoresheje mu kurwanya aba-Houthis muri Yemen.
Mu myaka ishize, Joseph Dempsey umusesenguzi muri International Institute for Strategic Studies yavuze ko Ubushinwa burimo “kwigarurira isoko ryo kugurisha drones” ku isi.
Mu 2015, bivugwa ko Nigeria aricyo gihugu cya mbere cya Africa cyaguze na Beijing drone za mbere za CH-3, yari ikeneye mu kurwanya umutwe wa Boko Haram.
Mbere y’aha, drone z’intambara zari umwihariko w’igisirikare cya Amerika na Israel.
Inzobere zivuga ko kwiganza k’Ubushinwa ku isoko rya bene izi drone ku isi biva ku itegeko rya Amerika rizwi nka Missile Technology Control Regime ryo mu 1987 ribuza iki gihugu kugurisha intwaro zica abantu benshi ku bindi bihugu ku isi, bityo Amerika ikaba idashobora kugurisha drone nk’izo. Ibi byabaye amahirwe ku Bushinwa bwo budafite ikibubuza kugurisha izi ntwaro.
Inzobere mu bya gisirikare zivuga ko Caihong 4 cyangwa CH-4 drones zakozwe mu buryo bumeze neza nk’ubwa drones zitwa MQ-9 Reaper za Amerika, ubu izi z’Abashinwa akaba ari zo ziganje ku isoko ry’intwaro ku isi.
Urubuga Africa Intelligence ruvuga ko drone za CH-4 z’Ubushinwa zihendutse ugereranyije na ngenzi zazo biri ku rwego rumwe za Amerika.
Uretse DR Congo, ibindi bihugu bya Africa nka Maroc, Misiri, na Ethiopia nabyo byaguze bene izi drones z’Ubushinwa.
Impirimbanyi z’uburenganzira ariko zivuga ko izi drones ziteye amakenga kubyo zangiza n’abo zica, kubahiriza amategeko mpuzamahanga arengera kiremwamuntu, ndetse no kuba zishobora kwica abasivile benshi.
Za leta zo, nk’iya DR Congo ubu, zivuga ko izi ntwaro ari nziza mu kurasa abanzi bazo no kurwanya iterabwoba.
Uburyo bene izi drones zirimo gukoreshwa mu ntambara ya DR Congo umusaruro wabwo nturagaragara mu gusubiza inyuma umutwe wa M23 nk’intego nyamukuru ya leta.
Ni mu gihe uyu mutwe wo uvuga ko izo drones ingabo za leta zirimo kuzikoresha “zirasa buhumyi” zikica abasivile, ibitaremezwa n’uruhande rwigenga urwo arirwo rwose kugeza ubu.
Intambara yo hagati aho ikaba ikomeje.
BBC
