Ubwo Juliette Karitanyi, uzwi nk’impirimbanyi y’uburinganire hagati y’umugabo n’umugore yandikaga kuri Twitter atanga igitekerezo ko abagabo b’Abanyarwanda bakwiye kwitera imibavu [deodorant] ihumura kurusha uko babigenza, ntiyari yiteze na gato ko ibitutsi n’amagambo amusebya bikomeye bigeza n’aho byibasira imiterere ye, umuryango we n’ibindi bigize ubuzima bwe bwite nk’umugore ari byo byari bukurikireho nk’amahindu y’imvura.
Iyi “tweet” imwe rukumbi yanditse muri Nzeri 2019 yahinduye burundu uburyo akoresha aganira n’abandi kuri murandasi.
Mbere, Karitanyi avuga ko ibitekerezo byatanzwe kuri iki gitekerezo byari ibisanzwe nyamara mu kanya gato kakurikiyeho, byaje guhinduka imvura y’ibitutsi, aho batangiye kumwibasira bahereye ku miterere y’umubiri we n’uko agaragara, umuryango we ndetse yewe n’ubuzima bwe bwite bwerekeye imibonano mpuzabitsina.
Ati: “Ntabwo nanditse biriya numva ko ari ibintu abantu bakomeza. Numvaga niganirira gusa. Natekerezaga ko ari ibintu dushobora kuganiraho tujya impaka bamwe tukabyemeranyaho abandi ntitubyemeranyeho bikarangirira aho nyamara mu kanya nk’ako guhumbya, nabonye ko ‘tweet’ yanjye abantu bayifashe nk’aho ari bo ku giti cyabo yari igamije kubwira.
“Ibitekerezo byayitanzweho byari byuje ubugome. Bashakaga kunca intege nyamara nari niyemeje kutazasubizwa intege n’amagambo mabi cyangwa ibikangisho abantu bakangisha abandi ku mbuga nkoranyambaga.”
Karitanyi avuga ko mu gihe yasubizaga kuri nyinshi muri ‘comments’ zo ku gitekerezo cye, noneho yaje kuva ku izima ubwo umwe mu batangaga ibitekerezo yamusangije mu bitekerejo videwo y’ubwicanyi bw’ubugome ndengakamere maze akandika amuburira ko yari bukurikireho.
“Ntibwari ubwa mbere nari nibasiwe n’abagabo kuri murandasi. Ariko kuri iyi nshuro, nagize ubwoba nkuka umutima. Nabonye ko mu buryo bworoshye, ibi bishobora kuva kuri murandasi noneho bikaba ihohoterwa nyaryo ryangiza rikababaza umubiri. Uwio munsi nsubira mu rugo iwanjye ndetse no mu minsi yakurikiyeho, nagendaga mfite ubwoba bwinshi nikebuka ku rutugu buri mwanya ntinya ko haba hari umuntu unyegereye yiteguye kunsatira ngo angirire nabi,” ni ko Karitanyi yabwiye umunyamakuru wa The New Times.
Kuva ubwo, Karitanyi ntasiba guhangana n’umuhangayiko umutera kugira umutima uhagaze iyo hari umuntu abonye atazi wese amuvugisha kuko aba akeka ko wenda yaba ari umuntu wamumenyeye ku mbuga nkoranyambaga ze.
“Ndigengesera cyane kuko mba ntazi niba umuntu unsuhuje yaba atari wa wundi wantutse akanyandagaza cyangwa uwankangishije kunyica. Bityo, ubu sinkiganira cyangwa ngo ngire uko nsubizanya n’abantu bakoresha konti ‘z’ibicupuri’ cyangwa abadakoresha amazina nyayo kuri izi mbuga. Ibi mbikora mu rwego rwo kurinda no gusigasira ubuzima bwanjye bwo mu mutwe,” ni ko Karitanyi avuga.
Si urwa Karitanyi wenyine!!!
Ibarura ry’Igihugu ku Miturire n’Ubuzima ryo mu 2019-2020 rigaragaza imibare iri hejuru y’ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore n’abakobwa hirya no hino mu gihugu. Muri rusange, 45 % mu bagore bafite hagati y’imyaka 15 na 49 babajijwe muri iri barura bavuga ko bakorewe ihohotera ryaba iryo ku bice by’umubiri cyangwa irishingiye ku gitsina.
Nubwo u Rwanda rukomeje kugaragaza no kwishimira ukwiyongera kw’abagore n’abakobwa bakoresha ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho, ihohoterwa ribakorerwa riciye mu miyoboro yaryo ni ko na ryo rigenda ryiyongera nubwo imibare nyayo y’abarikorerwa itaragaragazwa n’ubushakashatsi.
Ihohotera ryo kuri murandasi, icyaha kizwi nka “online cyangwa cyber violence’ risobanurwa nk’ibikorwa by’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina (cyane cyane rikorerwa abagore) bivamo, cyangwa bikaba byaviramo ingaruka mbi ku mubiri, ku gitsina, mu mutwe, cyangwa mu bukungu ku bagore, harimo iterabwoba ry’ibikorwa nk’ibi, agahato, cyangwa kwamburwa umudendezo, haba mu ruhame cyangwa mu buzima bwabo bwite.
Iri hohoterwa rishobora kandi kurangwa n’ibikorwa biziguye n’ibitaziguye by’ihohoterwa rishobora kwibasira umubiri cyangwa irishingiye ku bitsina, imvugo z’urwango, gusebanya binyuze ku ikoranabuhanga, gutera ubwoba undi ukoresheje ikoranabuhanga, kwibasira undi no kumutesha umutwe uhereye ku miterere ye.
Hazamo kandi gukoresha amafoto n’amashusho y’undi atabiguhereye uburenganzira, kwiyitirira umwirondoro w’undi cyangwa kwinjira mu byuma undi akoresha mu ikoranabuhanga atabizi, bizwi nka hacking n’ibindi.
Raporo zerekana ko ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore kuri murandasi rikomeje kwiyongera ku isi rikaba ryarakajije umurego mu gihe cy’icyorezo cya Covid-19.
Ibi bikaba ibintu bikomeje kugira ingaruka zo kugabanya umubare w’abagore bitabora ikoresha rya interineti binatuma basigara inyuma mu kunyaza umusaruro amahirwe ajyana na ryo.
Mukayitete Annonciata ni Umuyobozi Mukuru wa Gahunda (Senior Program Officer) mu muryango Health Development Initiative (HDI). Avuga ko mu gihe ubundi murandasi yakabaye igikoresho giha abagore amahirwe yo kwisanzura no kuvuga akabari ku mutima nta nkomyi, ahubwo yahindutse intandaro y’ihohoterwa ribakorerwa biciye mu ikoranabuhanga.
Ati: “Ihohoterwa ryo kuri murandasi ntiricecekesha gusa amajwi y’abagore ngo rinababuze ubwisanzure, ahubwo rinagira ingaruka ku mutekano abagore abagore bakwiriye kuba bafite bari kuri interineti. Kenshi, ku bagore bakoresha cyane murandasi, ibikangisho bahurira na byo ku mbuga nkoranyambaga bishobora gutuma batinya ko bazahohoterwa hanyuma bagatinya kujya batanga ibitekerezo byabo bisanzuye.”
Ni iki imibare ivuga?
Nk’uko DataReportal ibyerekana, mu Rwanda, abasaga miliyoni enye n’ibihumbi makumyabiri na bitanu (4.025.000) bakoreshaga murandasi muri Mutarama 2023.
DataReportal kandi yerekana ko mu Rwanda muri Mutarama uyu mwaka habarizwaga nibura abakoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga basaga 800.000. Muri aba, abagera ku 644.000 bakoresha Facebook, 264.000 bagakoresha Instagram mu gihe 218.000 bakoresha Twitter.
Nubwo umubare w’abagabo ari muto kurusha uw’abagore mu Rwanda, abagore ni bo bakoresha izo mbuga nkoranyambaga gake ugereranije n’abagabo.
Nk’urugero, Twitter igaragaraza ko mu bayikoresha mu Rwanda, abagore bangana na 19,9% mu gihe abagabo bangana na 80,1%.
Nsanga Sylvie ni umwe mu mpirimbanyi z’uburinganire hagati y’umugabo n’umugore ndetse agaharanira ko abagore bakoresha murandasi kimwe n’abagabo. Kimwe na Karitanyi Juliette, Nsanga azwi nk’umwe mu bagore baharanira bivuye inyuma uburenganzira bw’abagore ku buryo hari n’ababita abahenzanguni kuri iyi ngingo. Ni bene aba bazwi mu cyongereza nka ‘feminists.’
Kubera ‘umuhate’ we, na we ari mu bagiye bibasirwa kenshi maze agakorerwa ihohoterwa rikorerwa ku ikoranabuhanga.
Nsanga uyu yagiye akorerwa iri hohoterwa binyuze mu buryo bwinshi harimo no mu kizwi nka Twitter spaces, abantu bakora bagamije kumwibasira cyangwa ngo isura ye bayangize ndetse bakarenga bakagera n’aho bamwibasira badasize ibice bye ndangagitsina.
Abajijwe impamvu adacika intege ngo amanike amaboko abivemo maze arinde ubutungane bwe areka kwiteranya na rubanda bimutesha umutwe, Nsanga agira ati “ Abagore benshi batinya ko bazibasirwa cyangwa bagahabwa urw’amenyo maze bagahitamo guceceka, njye rero ndwana nzi ko mbikorera benshi bandi. Abagore bose bakoresha interineti babayeho batinya guhabwa urw’amenyo, ni nde uzatuvugira.”
Nsanga avuga ko iyo yigereranije n’abandi bagore b’impirimbanyi baje mbere ye bimutera imbaraga zo kongera ingufu kurushaho muri uru rugamba.
Abagore b’impirimbanyi bambanjirije ntibagize amahirwe yo kugira ikoranabuhanga. Nta bikorwa remezo by’itangazamakuru ryifashisha ikoranabuhanga byari bubashoboze gutanga ibitekerezo byabo bisanzuye bari bafite.Ntibagize amahirwe nk’aya. Ndamutse ntakoresheje aya mahirwe mparanira ko abantu bareshya cyangwa bikanarengaho, ni nde wundi uzabikora? Niba ntabikoze ubu, bizaba ryari?,” ni ibibazo Nsanga abaza
Nsanga Sylvie uyu ufite impamyabumenyi y’icyiciro cya 3 cya kaminuza mu Iterambere Mpuzamahanga Rirambye ryibanda cyane ku Ikoranabuhanga mu Itumanaho mu Iterambere avuga ko hari itegeko rikumira rikanahana ibyaha bikorwa hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga, kuba iri tegeko rihari ari byo ariko ko ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryaryo ari ikindi.
Ati: “Ni byo, itegeko ryafasha gusa abantu ryagenewe gufasha baramutse barizi bakanamenya uburyo bwo kurega igihe ibyaha bibakorewe. Bamwe mu bakora bene ibi byaha ntibaba banazi ko barimo kwica itegeko. Yewe n’ababikorerwa bigiraho ingaruka ntibazi ko ibibabaho ari ibyaha kandi bihanwa n’itegeko.”
Urugero, Ingingo ya 35 y’Itegeko No 60/2018 ryo ku wa 22/8/2018 ryo gukumira no guhana ibyaha bikoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga ivuga ko Umuntu wese ubigambiriye, ukoresha mudasobwa cyangwa urusobe rwa mudasobwa ubuza amahwemo cyangwa, ushyira ibikangisho ku muntu cyangwa ku wundi muntu bigatuma umuntu agira umutima uhagaze cyangwa ubwoba aba akoze icyaha.
Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko, ahanishwa igifungo kitari munsi y’amezi atandatu (6) ariko kitarenze imyaka ibiri (2) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda atari munsi ya miliyoni imwe (1.000.000 FRW) ariko atarenze miliyoni ebyiri (2.000.000 FRW).
Icyakora gukurikirana ibyaha bivugwa muri iyi ngingo bikorwa ari uko byaregewe n’uwabikorewe.
Nsanga avuga ko kugira ngo u Rwanda koko rugere ku iterambere rishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga nk’uko rwabyiyemeje, hakenewe gufatwa ingamba z’uburyo murandasi yaba itanga umutekano ku bayikoresha.
Ati: “Ntabwo ikoranabuhanga rizagirira buri wese inyungu igihe cyose nta mutekano ritanga ku barikoresha.”
Ajya inama anatanga igitekerezo ko nk’uko bikorwa ku bindi byaha, leta yagashyizeho uburyo bw’ubugenzuzi bwo kuri murandasi bwajya bwifashishwa mu gutahura ukoze bene iri hohotera.
“Ibigo binini by’ubucuruzi bw’ikoranabuhanga tubitunga agatoki yego ariko twakabaye tubona leta ishyira ingufu zirushijeho mu kurinda abakoresha murandasi by’umwihariko abagore n’abakobwa,” ni ko Nsanga Sylvie avuga.
Urugendo rurakomeje
Muri Gashyantare 2022, umunyamakurukazi Mutesi Scovia, nyir’ikinyamakuru Mama Urwagasabo gikorera kuri murandasi yatitije imbuga nkoranyambaga ubwo yatangaga ikirego mu bucamanza arega uwitwa Prudence Iraguha gukoresha urubuga nkoranyambaga rwa WhatsApp akamutuka.
Ni ikirego cyakiriwe n’Urukiko rw’Ibanze rwa Gasabo. Aha Mutesi yaregaga Iraguha kumutukira mu ruhame ndetse akanashishikariza abandi kubikora, mu rubanza Scovia yavuze ko yari agamije guha urugero abandi bakomeje kwibasira abandi babasebya bakanabahohotera bifashishije ikoranabuhanga.
Ku itariki ya 1 Mata, urukiko rwanzuye ko rusanze Iraguha ahamwa n’icyaha maze rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo gisubitse cy’amezi abiri n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ibihumbi makumyabiri (20.000FRW). Iraguha kandi yategetswe n’urukiko kwishyura 500.000FRW y’umwavoka n’andi 10.000FRW agombwa urukiko.
“Ntabwo amafaranga ye yari andaje ishinga na gato. Njye namureze ngira ngo ngaragarize buri wese ko kwibasira undi, ukamwandagaza ukoresheje imbuga nkoranyambaga bitagakwiye kwihanganirwa kuko amategeko abibuza kandi abihana ariho,” ni ko Scovia yavuze nyuma y’isomwa ry’imyanzuro y’urukiko.
