Mu gihe Ukraine isumbirijwe n’ibitero bikomeye by’indege z’Uburusiya , ibihugu bimwe by’Uburayi bikaba bishaka kuyifasha mu kurwana intambara zo mu kirere, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zifite ubwoba bwo koherereza Ukraine indege zo mu bwoko bwa F -16 kuko Abanya-Ukraine nta bumenyi bafite bwo kuzirwanisha.
Ubwo Uburusiya bwagabaga igitero kuri Ukraine mu ntangiriro z’umwaka wa 2022, byavugwaga ko yaba ifite indege z’intambara zigera ku 120 zigizwe na MiG-29 na Su-27 zo mu bihe by’Abasoviyeti kandi na zo zishaje.
Umuryango w’indege z’intambara” urimo gushingwa n’Ubwongereza, Ubuholandi, Ubufaransa, bishobotse n’ibindi bihugu by’Uburayi ngo ushyire mu bikorwa umugambi wo kohereza indege zigezweho z’intambara mu gufasha Ukraine, ni intambwe ikomeye cyane kugera kuri iyi ntego nyamara kugeza ubu ibi bihugu biwugize ntibirabona neza uburyo bwa gisirikare bizakoresha.
Ibi bihugu bivuga ko Ukraine ubu ikeneye indege z’intambara zigera kuri 200 ngo ibe yagera ku bushobozi Uburusiya bufite mu kurwanira mu kirere. Bivugwa ko Uburusiya bukubye gatanu cyangwa gatandatu Ukraine mu kurwanira mu kirere.
Nyamara mu gihe indege zonyine zo mu bwoko bwa F -16 zikorwa gusa na Amerika ari zo ngo zafasha Ukraine guhangana n’Uburusiya, nyamara ibi bihugu byifuza kuyitera ingabo mu bitugu nk’Ubwongereza bikaba nta zo bigira.
Volodymyr Zalensky ubwo igihugu cye cyatangiraga kurwana n’Uburusiya, yavuze ko yifuza bene izi ndege za F-16. Ni indege zakozwe bwa mbere mu myaka ya za 1970, ikaba ari indege yihuta ku muvuduko wikubye kabiri uw’ijwi, kandi ikaba ishobora kurasa icyo yagambiriye yaba iri ku butaka cyangwa iri mu kirere.
Ubu turavuga ku myitozo ya nyuma y’abapilote b’Abanya-Ukraine, kandi kugeza ubu ntiharamenyekana mu by’ukuri ni indege z’ubuhe bwoko aba bapilote bazigishwa kurwanisha kuko izi za F- 16 ibihugu biri muri uyu muryango mushya bitazifite.
Nyamara ariko nubwo bimeze bityo, ugushingwa k’uyu muryango ni intambwe ikomeye ku gihugu cya Ukraine n’intambara kirwana n’Uburusiya.
Nyamara na none, raporo iva mu biro bya Minisiti w’Intebe w’Ubwongereza, Downing Street ntiyerekanye ubwoko bw’indege abapilote ba Ukraine bazigishwa gutwara. Ni gutya iyo raporo ya Downing Street yavugaga:
“Iki gihe cy’impeshyi, tuzatangira intambwe y’ibanze y’amasomo y’ubupilote ku matsinda y’abapilote ba Ukraine, amasomo y’ibanze. Izi zakozwe kugira ngo zihangane n’umugambi ukoreshwa n’abapilote b’Ubwongereza kugira ngo aba Ukraine babashe kubona ubumenyi bwo gutwara indege bazabasha gukoresha indege z’ubwoko butandukanye.
Kimwe n’ibikorwa by’amasomo no gutoza, Ubwongereza buzakoresha ingufu zose zishoboka zo gukorana n’ibindi bihugu kugira ngo bumenye neza ko Ukraine izakira indege zo mu bwoko bwa F – 16, amahitamo azishimirwa cyane na Ukraine.”
Bitewe n’aya makuru, ntibyakwemezwa niba abapilote bazigishwa gukoresha iza F-16. Zizaguma ari yo ntego, ariko ntibishoboka kwemeza ko abapilote bazigishwa kuguruka muri izi ndege.
Perezida w’Ubufaransa Emmanuel Macron na we aherutse gutangaza ko igihugu cye cyiteguye gutangira gutoza no kwigisha abapilote ba Ukraine, anavuga ko ibindi bihugu by’Uburayi na byo byiteguye gutanga amasomo ku bakozi b’indege za gisirikare bo muri Ukraine. Ntibivuga ku bwoko bw’indege abapilote ba Ukraine bazigishwa gutwara.
Uretse imyitozo ariko, nta ndege Ubufaransa buteganya kohereza muri Ukraine.
Nyuma y’ibiganiro hagati ya Rishi Sunak na Minisitiri w’Intebe w’Ubuholandi, Downing Street yasohoye inkuru ishobora kwemezwa ko Ubwongereza buzagerageza guha Ukraine indege zo mu bwoko bwa F-16s, ariko abapilote bakazigishwa gutwara ubwoko bw’indege vutaratangazwa.
“Minisitiri w’Intebe w’Ubwongereza na Minisitiri w’Intebe Mark Rutte bemeranije ko bazakora akazi ko gushinga umuryango mpuzamahanga kugira ngo bahe Ukraine ubushobozi bwo kurwanira mu kirere, gutanga ubufasha muri buri kintu uhereye ku masomo ku bapilote kugeza ku kuyigurira indege z’intambara za F -16,” ni ko inkuru ya Downing Street ibivuga.
Ubwongereza bufite ubushobozi bwo gutanga amasomo ku bapilote b’indege za hafi ubwoko bwose z’intambara zikoreshwa mu bihugu bigize umuryango wa OTAN. F-16 ntikoreshwa n’Igisirikare cyo mu Kirere cy’Ubwongereza.
Ugushidikanya n’ubwoba bw’Amerika
Ikibazo hano ni uko kugira ngo habeho kuhorereza Ukraine indege za F - 16, hakenewe uruhushya no guhabwa umugisha na Leta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika nk’igihugu gikora bene izi ndege.
Muri icyo gihe, Amerika ubwayo ntibizwi neza bidashidikanywaho niba izi ndege zigomba guhabwa abasirikare ba Ukraine.
Zimwe mu ndege z’intambara zigezweho
Umwanzuro wo koherereza izo ntwaro zikoranywe ubuhanga ntufatwa gusa n’abayobozi ba gisirikare ahubwo unafatwa abanyepolitiki babyemeye. Nyuma y’amakuru yavuye mu Bowngereza , Ubufaransa n’Ubuholandi, umuntu ashobora kuvuga ku biganiro n’amasezerano ya politiki ya vuba aha kuri iki kibazo hagati y’ibihugu bimwe na bimwe by’Uburayi, ariko Amerika yo nta mwanzuro irafata. Ukuri ni uko Washington nta makuru yigeze itangaza umuntu yaheraho yemeza icyo itekereza kuri iki kibazo.
Mu mpera z’ukwezi kwa Mutarama uyu mwaka, Perezida wa Amerika Joe Biden, ubwo yabazwaga iba Amerika izaha Ukraine indege z’intambara , yasubije ahakana ati “Oya.” Ariko birashoboka ko iki kibazo gishobora kuba cyari cyerekeye ukujyanayo indege za Amerika zikaba atari izajyanywe mu bindi bihugu.
Ku itariki ya 18 Gicurasi, ikinyamakuru New York Times cyasohoye iyo nkuru, kivuga ko gikesha isoko kitatangaje, kivuga ko uretse kuba Amerika itazohereza izi ndege i Kiev, ahubwo itazanatanga uruhushya rwo kwigisha Abanya-Ukraine kuzikoresha.
Inyungu n’igihombo
Ukuri ko haba hari ibiganiro muri Amerika byerekeye kuba iki gihugu cyakoherereza ingabo za Ukraine izi ndege na ko byo byatangajwe na New York Times. Umwofisiye utazwi iki kinyamakuru cyavuze ko gikesha aya makuru na we avuga ko byaba byiza kuri Ukraine gukomeza guhabwa sisiteme z’imirwanire yo ku butaka n’uburinzi bw’ikirere.
Ibi kandi byemezwa, ni urugero na Jack Reed, umukuru w’Akanama ka Sena ya Amerika Gashinzwe Serivisi z’Intwaro.
Nk’uko Reed abivuga, abapilote ba gisirikare ba Ukraine ntibashobora gukoresha 100% yemwe n’indege za kera z’Abasoviyeti bafite ubu kubera gutinya akaga n’ibyago bashobora gutezwa n’igisirikare cy’Uburisiya kirwanira mu kirere.
“Bagurukira ku kigero cyo hejuru y’ibiti bakabona bakagera ku ntego, kuguruka ku burebure bw’aho bashobora guhanura intwaro[…] batakaje abapilote bake kubera impamvu y’ibi,” ni ko uyu musenateri yavuze.
“Ni ngombwa ngo wibaze, F -16 yakongera iki kuri ibyo? Ntuzabasha gufata umwanya wo hejuru, intera ndende yo mu kirere n’izindi nyungu, kuko ikirere nticyabyemera rwose,” ni ko Jack Reed akomeza avuga. We ashyigikira ko Ukraine yakomeza kohererezwa ahubwo ibisasu byo mu bwoko bwa ATACMS birwanishirizwa ku butaka.
Ikibazo cya politiki
Umwanzuro wa politiki w’abafanyabikorwa b’Uburayi, ukuri ko ibihugu bimwe byagiye biza hamwe bigatangaza ko byiteguye gutanga amasomo ku bakozi bo mu ndege b’Abanya-Ukraine ni igikorwa gikomeye.
Nta gushidikanya, kohereza indege nyinshi ziri hagati ya 40 na 50 nk’uko umujyanama mu by’Umutekano wa Ukraine Yuriy Sak yabibwiye ikinyamakuru Politico operasiyo ikomeye kurushaho kurusha ubundi bushakashatsi bw’imodoka zindi z’intambara.
Aka ni akazi katoroshye na gato, yewe uretse no ku bihugu n’aho byaba amashyirahamwe y’indege ku yandi mashyirahamwe.
Kwigisha abapilote gutwara ubwoko bushya bw’indege mu gihe kirekire, bizasaba kubaka ibibuga byinshi by’indege kuva ku ntangiriro, kubarinda ngo ntibabe basukwaho ibisasu n’ibitero byava ku mwanzi, kwigisha amategeko y’Igisirikare cy’Intambara n’icyicaro gikuru gutegura no gushyira mu bikorwa operasiyo zo kurwanira mu kirere. Bikaba ari zimwe mu mpamvu Amerika itinya ikaba ikinashidikanye kohereza F- 16 muri Ukraine kugeza ubu.
