Ubusobanuro bw’impine ziba kuri ’Ordonnance medicale’

Ordonnance ni ijambo rikomoka mu rurimi rw’igifaransa risobanura urwandiko umuganga yoherereza umuhanga mu by’imiti(pharmacien) abicishije ku murwayi.Uru rwandiko ruba rwanditseho amabwiriza uwo murwayi azakurikiza afata imiti.

Iyo umuhanga mu by’imiti nawe ashyikiriye uru rupapuro ararusuzuma ubundi agakurikiza amabwiriza ariho akayasobanurira umurwayi ndetse akamuha n’imiti yanditseho. Ordonnance yandikwa mu buryo bukurikije amahame agenga umwuga w’ubuvuzi .

Umurwayi wese si ngombwa ngo ahabwe iyi nyandiko kuko umuganga ashobora gukoresha ubundi buryo bwo kumuvura adakoresheje imiti. Urugero:kubaga aharwaye, gutanga inama, ubugororangingo, kumwigisha ibijyanye n’ubuzima bwe,cyangwa umuganga agahitamo kudakora na kimwe.

Ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko 67% z’abarwayi bagana muganga aribo bandikirwa imiti.

Ijambo Ordonnance ryatangiye gukoreshwa mu kinyejana cya 12(XII Siècle),ariko mbere ryakoshwaga n’abanyamategeko ndetse nyuma yaho riza no kwinjira mu buvuzi (Ordonnance medicale).

Iri jambo ryatangiye gukoreshwa nyuma yaho serivise z’ubuvuzi zitangiye gutandukana n’iza pharmacie. ibi byatangiriye mu bihugu by’iburayi,nyuma yo kubona ko hari abantu bapfa cyangwa bamugazwa no gufata imiti nabi ,abandi bakayifata nk’ibiyobyabwenge.

Mu mwaka 1271 hagiyeho itegeko rivuga ko umurwayi agomba gufatira imiti muri pharmacies icyo gihe zitwaga “apotheque” iyi miti akayifata yemejwe na muganga. Ordonnance medicale z’icyo gihe zatangiye gukorwa mu buryo butanditse, habagaho kubwirana mu mvugo (verbale) hagati y’ivuriro na pharmacie ,mu mwaka 1353 nibwo hatangiye gukoreshwa ordonnance noneho mu buryo bwanditse.

Iyi nyuguti Rx isobanura iba kuri ordonna nce risobanura “recipe=akira”.

Amabwiriza ya za ordonnance yagiye aza kugirango hagabanywe ingaruka zo gukoresha imiti nabi ndetse no mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe hagiye hajyaho ibigo bishinzwe kubungabunga ikoreshwa ry’imiti(urugero :muri amerika FDA=Food and Drug Administration: ikigo gishinzwe kubungabunga imikoreshereze y’ibiribwa n’imiti)

Nkuko bigaragara mu gitabo kitwa “Code de la santé publique” ,Ordonnance medicale yagiye ifasha cyane mu guca ikoreshwa nabi ry’imiti iyobya ubwonko,imiti imwe n’imwe yangiza umubiri,imiti ishobora inda ivamo,…

Ordonnance medicale yandikwa na muganga ubifitiye ububasha ndetse igasomwa n’umuhanga mu by’imiti ari nawe uhereza umurwayi umuti. Iyo hari ibitagaragara neza kuri ordonnance aba bombi bagirana ikiganiro bakabyumvikanaho bagafata umwanzuro ,ubundi umurwayi agahabwa umuti.

Buri gihugu kigena amategeko ndetse n’amahame agenga ubuvuzi ari naho dusanga abemerewe kwandika ordonnance medicale,hagendewe ku mikoro y’igihugu,inyumvire y’abagituye ndetse n’ubuzima muri rusange uko buhagaze.

Imiti imwe n’imwe ishobora gutangwa nta ordonnance medicale(Over The Counter drugs :OTC) umurwayi yitwaje muri pharmacie(urugero:imiti igabanya ububabare bworoheje,…) naho indi miti igatangwa hazanywe ordonnance medicale (prescription drugs) iturutse kuri muganga ubifitiye ububasha muri iyo serivise (urugero:antibiyotiki,imiti ikora ku bwonko,imiti ihindagura imisemburo yo mu mubiri,…).

Ordonnance medicale imwe ishobora gukoreshwa inshuro nyinshi(imiti yoroshya y’indwara zidakira nk’imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA,imiti ya diyabete,imiti ya asima yo kurwego rwo hejuru,imiti y’igicuri,…)

Ordonnance medicale ifite ubuziranenge igomba kugaragaraho ibintu by’ingenzi bikurikira:

 Umwirondoro wa muganga (amazina,urwego avuramo,aho abarizwa,telephone):ibi bituma umuhanga mu by’imiti(Pharmacien) abasha kumuvugisha igihe hari aho agize gushidikanya kuri ordonnance medicale.

 Umwirondoro w’umurwayi (amazina,imyaka,ibiro,)

 Itariki:iyi yereka umuhanga mu by’imiti niba ordonance ari nshya cg ishaje bityo umuhanga mu by’imiti agafata umwanzuro niba umurwayi ari bumuhe imiti cg amusubiza kwa muganga.

 Umuti(izina ryawo,ingano yawo n’inshuro ifatwa ku munsi,umubare w’iminsi umuti uzafatwa,ndetse n’aho umuti ugomba gucishwa(kuwunywa,kuwusiga,…):aha niho h’ibanze cyane kuko iyo hatitaweho umurwayi afata imiti nabi.

 Hagaragara ho kandi niba ordonance izakoreshwa inshuro imwe cg niba umurwayi azajya ayifashisha kenshi.

 Uburyo umuti azabikwamo

 Sinyatire ya muganga na kasha

Ibi byose byandikwa ku buryo busomeka ndetse bidateza urujijo.

Ni ruhare ki umurwayi agira kugirango imyandikire ya ordonance medicale igende neza ?

 Kubwira muganga amakuru yose agendanye n’uburwayi afite,cg ubundi burwayi atuwe afite.

 Kubwira muganga ibijyendanye n’indi miti aheruka gukoresha

 Kubwira muganga ibigendanye na arerigi(allergies)niba bijya bimubaho,cg niba yarigeze agira ibindi bibazo amaze gukoresha umuti runaka.

 Niba ari igitsina gore agomba kubwira muganga niba atwite cg abiteganya cg niba yonsa

 Umurwayi nawe agomba kubaza muganga ibibazo bimwe na bimwe ku bijyanye n’imiti amwandikiye(uyu ukora ute?ni gute nzawufata?ese nzarekeraho ryari?ni ibiki bidasanzwe nzibonaho igihe ndi kuwukoresha?ese uzirana n’iki?ese nzawubika gute?)

Amwe mu makosa akunze kugaragara kuri za ordonance medicale

 Kwibagirwa kwandikaho imyirondoro imwe n’imwe cg amakuru atuzuye ku muti

 Kuburaho kashi n’umukono bya muganga

 Kuburaho itariki

 Imyandikire mibi idasomeka.

 Gukoresha impine zitazwi ku rwego mpuzamahanga

Ese ni ibiki byitabwaho na muganga mbere yo gukora ordonance medicale?

 Umurwayi ahabwa umwanya wo kuvuga ibigendanye n’uburwayi bwe byose

 Gusuzuma umurwayi

 Muganga ahitamo umuti agendeye cyane cyane ku myaka ,izindi ndwara umurwayi atuwe afite,indi miti umurwayi akoresha,niba umutwayi akwite cg yonsa,…

 Muganga agena ingano y’umuti umurwayi agomba gufata agendeye ku mikorere y’umubiri w’umurwayi(impyiko ,umwijima),ubukana umuti ugira,ibiro by’umurwayi,…

Ese ni izihe nshingano z’umuhanga mu by’imiti(Pharmacien) nyuma yo gushyikirizwa ordonnance medicale?

 Gusuzuma ubuziranenge bwa ordonnance:aha areba koko ibonekaho ya makuru yose twavuze haruguru

 Areba ko imiti yanditse n’umuganga ubifitiye ububasha(urugero:muganga w’amenyo ntagomba kwandika umuti w’amazo)

 Areba ko imiti iri kuri ordonnance nta n’umwe uzirana n’undi(drug interactions) ndetse akareba n’ingano (dose)

 Yihutira kuvugana na muganga ordonnance ikomotse ho iyo hari aho ashidikanyije ubundi bombi bagafata umwanzuro.

 Mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe umuhanga mu by’imiti ahabwa uburenganzira bwo kuba hari umuti yasimbuza uwo bikora kimwe ,bigakorwa ku nyungu z’umurwayi cyane ko twabonye ko specialite zihenda kurusha generique.

 Aha umurwayi amakuru yose ajyanye n’imiti yandikiwe harimo amasaha agomba guyifatiraho,igihe agomba kuyifatira,ibyo agomba kwirinda,uburyo agomba kuyibika , utubazo tumwe na tumwe tuzamubaho ntiyikange,...

 Agomba gutanga umuti muri ambaraje yanditseho ibijyanye nawo (izina ryawo,igihe uzafatwa,amasaha ufatirwaho ku munsi,igihe uzata ubuziranenge,uko ugomba kubikwa,…)

Zimwe mu mpine ziboneka kuri ordonnance

Izi mpine zikomoka mu rurimi rw’ikiratini.

• DIE ou QD : 1 fois par jour=umuti ufatwa rimwe ku munsi

• BID : 2 fois par jour=kabiri ku munsi(buri masaha 12)

• TID : 3 fois par jour=gatatu ku munsi(buri masaha 8)

• QID : 4 fois par jour=kane ku munsi (buri masaha 6)

• LOT : lotion=umuti usukika wo kwisiga

• CP =CO =TAB :comprimé=Umuti w’ikinini

• CAP : capsule=ubwoko bw’ibinini bifunitse

• CR : crème=umuti w’amavuta

• AMP : ampoule=umuti urimo imbere muri ampure

• SUSP : suspension=umuti bakoresha babanjye gucugusa(urikeneka)

• SUPP : suppositoire=umuti ucishwa mu kibuno

• INJ : injection=umuti batera mu mubiri

• CR VAG : crème vaginale=umuti basiga mu gitsina

• APPL : application=umuti wo gusiga

• PO : par voie orale = per os=umuti ucishwa mu kanwa

• CAT : cuillère à thé=Akayiko gato gafite 5ml

• CAS : cuillère à soupe=ikiyiko kinini gifite 15ml

• HS : au coucher=Ufatwa umuntu agiye kuryama

• CC : en mangeant=Umuti ufatwa umuntu arimo kurya

• AC : avant les repas=umuti ufatwa mbere yo kurya

• PC : après les repas=Umuti ufatwa nyuma yo kurya

• AM : le matin=Umuti ufatwa mu gitondo

• ad = right ear=umuti ushyirwa mu gutwi kw’ i buryo

• as = left ear= umuti ushyirwa mu gutwi kw’ i bumoso

• cc = cubic centimeters=1ml

• gtt = drop=igitonyanga

• mg = milligrams

• mL = milliliters

• prn = as needed=umuti ufatwa igihe ari ngombwa

• 5/7=Umuti ufatwa iminsi itanu

• 7/7=umuti ufatwa icyumwe

• 1/12=umuti ufatwa ukwezi

• Fl=bottle=icupa

• Ov=ovule=imiti banyuza mu gitsina ku bagore

• SOL:Solution:umuti usukika ukunze kogeshwa ahantu hari umwanda

• SP:syrup:umuti usukika wo kunywa

Urugero: 2 tabs tid 7/7:fata ibinini 2 nyuma ya buri masaha umunani (=gatatu ku munsi) mu gihe k’iminsi irindwi.

Phn N.Marcel Baudouin

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