Nyuma y’ikinyejana kirenga ubu bwato burohamye, birasa naho butarava mu mitwe y’abantu. Ku itariki 15 Mata 1912 nibwo ubwato bwa RMS Titanic bwagonze ikibuye cy’urubura burarohama ubwo bwari mu rugendo ruva Southampton mu Bwongereza bwerekeza mu Mujyi wa New York muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.
Nyuma y’amasaha abiri ubwo bwari bumaze kugonga icyo kibuye nibwo bwarohamiye burundu mu Nyanja ya Atalantika buhitana abantu 1500 mu bantu 2200 bari baburimo. Bwari bufite metero 268(880ft) z’uburebure na metero 30(100ft ) z’ubuhagarike.
Nyuma y’imyaka 105, kompanyi yo mu Bwongereza yitwa Blue Marble Private igiye guha amahirwe abantu babishaka kuba babasha kujya mu nda y’isi kureba ibisigazwa by’ubwato bw’amateka. Blue Marble Private ni kompanyi isanzwe izwiho gukora ingendo zidasanzwe mu nguni zose z’isi .
Ibi bikorwa bizatangira muri Gicurasi 2018 kugeza mu mpeshyi yo muri 2019. Uru rugendo rujya mu bujya kuzimu ruzajya rumara iminsi 8, iyi kompanyi ijyane abagenzi bazabyifuza muri bujyakuzimu bwa metero 4000 (Km 4) aho ubu bwato bivugwa ko buherereye nkuko Daily Telegraph yabitangaje mu nkuru yayo yo ku wa 14 Werurwe 2017 ifite umutwe ugira uti ‘Titanic for tourists: London tour company booking trips to explore the world’s most famous shipwreck’.
Abagenzi 9 nibo bazajya bajyanwa icyarimwe, bashyirwe mu bwato bwa ‘sous-marin ‘. Uru rugendo , Blue Marble Private yatangarije Daily Telegraph ko izaruhera muri Newfoundland muri Canada. Abazajya baba bakora uru rugendo ngo bazajya baherekezwa n’abahanga mu bijyanye no gukora ingendo nk’izi ndetse n’abahanga mu bijyanye na ‘science’. Daily Telegraph itangaza ko abazabasha gukora uru rugendo bazabasha kwibonera ibisigazwa bya TITANIC byabonwe n’abantu bake ndetse nta gushidikanya abenshi ku isi bakaba batazigera babibona mu buzima bwabo.
Abazakora uru rugendo bazajya babanza guhabwa kajugujugu batembere mu kirere mbere y’uko bahabwa ubwato bujya munsi y’amazi.
Ni urugendo ruzaba rukosha
Urugendo rwo munsi y’amazi rwo kujya kureba aho ibisigazwa bya Titanic biri rubayeho nyuma y’uko muri 2005 aribwo abantu batangiye kubasha kujya aho buherereye nubwo kugeza ubu ari abantu bake babashije kuhajya. Ababashije kuhajya, Daily Telegraph itangaza ko ari bo bake ugereranyije n’abagiye mu isanzure cyangwa se ababashije kurira umusozi wa Everest.
Kuri iyi nshuro nabwo abazarwitabira bazaba ari mbarwa bitewe n’uko igiciro kizaba kiri hejuru. Buri muntu uzitabira uru rugendo azajya atanga asaga ibihumbi ijana na bitanu by’Amadorali ya Amerika($105,129) ni ukuvuga asaga miliyoni 87 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda(87.257.070 FRW).
Ibisigazwa by’ubu bwato biherereye muri KM 4 mu bujyakuzimu
Ibyo wamenya kuri iyi mpanuka y’ubwato bwa Titanic
RMS Titanic bwari ubwato bw’igitangaza bwubakiwe gutwara abantu mu ngendo zo mu mazi, bukaba bwari ubw’Abongereza. Ijambo “Titanic” ryahawe ubu bwato nk’izina, rikomoka mu rurimi rw’ikigereki rikaba risobanura “ikintu kinini cyane”.
Ubu bwato bwubakiwe mu gace ka Belfast muri Ireland , bukaba bwari ubwato bwa 2 muri 3 bwa mbere bwariho ku isi bunini bukora ingendo zo mu mazi, aho ubwa mbere bwari Olympic naho ubwa 3 bukaba Britannic bukaba bwari ubw’ikigo gikora ingendo zo mu mazi cy’Ubwongereza kizwi ku izina rya White Star Line.
Imirimo yo kubaka ubu bwato yari ikomeye ndetse irimo impanuka nyinshi dore ko mu bakozi basaga 15,000 bakoraga muri iyi mirimo benshi bahuraga n’impanuka kandi nta bwirinzi bukomeye bari bafite icyo gihe, aho imirimo ikomeye myinshi yakorwaga nta bikoresho by’ubwirinzi nk’ingofero zabugenewe,… abakozi bari bafite.
Mu gihe cy’iyubakwa rya Titanic, abakozi bagera kuri 246 barakomeretse, 28 muri bo ari imvune zikomeye ku buryo bwabaviriyemo ubumuga bwa burundu, ndetse abantu 9 bahasize ubuzima.
Ubwato bwa Titanic bwashyizwe ahagaragara tariki 31 Gicurasi 1911 ku isaha ya saa sita n’iminota 15 z’amanywa (12:15 PM) ahari abantu basaga 100,000 bari baje kureba ubu bwato bw’igitangaza.
Ubu bwato bwari bufite ibice bigera ku 9 bigerekeranye harimo icyo hejuru cyashyirwagaho ubwato bw’ubutabazi ndetse n’icyo hasi cyabikwagamo imitwaro, 7 byo hagati bikaba byari bigenewe abagenzi. Bukaba bwari bufite ubwato buto bw’ubutabazi bugera kuri 20.
Urugendo rwa Titanic n’uko yarohamye
Tariki 10 Mata nibwo ubu bwato bwahagurutse I Southampton bwerekeje I New York muri Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika, bukaba bwari burimo abantu b’ingeri zose ariko by’umwihariko bukaba bwarimo abakire ba mbere ku isi muri icyo gihe bari bagiye mu ngendo zo kwishimisha.
Ubu bwato bwahagurutse burimo abantu bagera ku 2202 harimo abakozi babwo bagera kuri 885 n’abagenzi 1,317.bukaba bwari buyobowe na Captain Edward John Smith nawe waguye muri iyi mpanuka.
Ubu bwato bwari bwiganjemo abantu b’igitsinagabo, dore ko mu bagenzi bari baburimo 66% bose bari abagabo.
Nyuma yo guhaguruka I Southampton tariki 10 Mata bwerekeje I New York aho byari biteganyijwe ko buzagerayo nyuma y’iminsi 10 (Tariki 20 Mata), buri mu Nyanja rwagati mu majyaruguru ya Atlantika bwaje kugonga ibuye rinini ry’urubura iyi ikaba ari nayo mpamvu nyamukuru y’iyi mpanuka.
Titanic yari ifite metero 268 z’uburebure na metero 30 z’ubuhagarike
Hari ku isaha ya saa tanu n’iminota 40 z’ijoro, ubwo uwacungiraga ubwato icyerekezo Frederick Fleet yabonaga ivuye rinini ry’urubura imbere hafi neza y’ubwato akagerageza kumenyesha abari batwaye. Umuyobozi wa mbere w’ubwato William Murdoch yategetse ko bakatisha ubwato ndetse bakagabanya umuvuduko mu buryo bwose bushoboka ariko igihe cyari cyarenze ubwo ubwato bwari buri hafi cyane y’iri buye.
Bagerageje gukatisha ubwato ariko uruhande rumwe rugonga iri buye bituma bwangirika ndetse hacukuka imyobo ku bwato ku gice kiri mu mazi. Uko umunota ku wundi washiraga niko aya mazi yagendaga abona inzira acamo maze igice cyo hasi gitangira kuzuramo amazi kugeza ubwo byaje kugaragara ko butangiye kurohama.
Ku isaha ya saa munani za n’iminota 20 za mu gitondo (tariki 15 Mata) nyuma y’amasaha 2 n’iminota 40 bugonze, bwatangiye kumanuka mu buryo budasanzwe aho igice kinini cy’imbere cyari kimaze kwinjira mu mazi kugeza ubwo moteri zabwo zatangiye kugaragara hejuru ndetse uko amazi yakomeje kubukurura bwaje gucikamo ibice 2.
Abantu benshi bagiye bashaka kwikiza ku bwabo, bakagwira ibyuma by’ubu bwato ubwo bwari bumaze kwicurika, ndetse abandi benshi bapfuye bazize ubukonje dore ko muri ako gake hari kuri 2 munsi ya 0 ku gipimo cya Celsius aho icyizere cyo kubaho muri ubu bukonje kiba ari iminota 15 ku muntu muzima.
Ku bijyanye no kurokorwa iyi mpanuka, ubu bwato bwari bufite ubushobozi bwo kurokora abantu bagera kuri kimwe cya 2 gusa mu bari baburimo muri iki gihe. Mu gukiza abantu hibanzwe cyane ku bagore n’abana, ariko hirengagizwa abakene bari baburimo aho bafungiranywe aho bari bari bagaherayo benshi bagapfa bagerageza kwirwanaho abandi bakicwa n’amazi n’ubukonje.
Kuba iyi mpanuka yarabaye mu buryo butunguranye, aho abayobozi b’ubwato batari bazi nezza icyo bari bukore, ho abakozi batari barahuguwe bihagije mu gutabara abagenzi mu gihe cy’impanuka biri mu byatumye abantu benshi bagwa muri ubu bwato.
Nyuma y’uko iyi mpanuka ibaye hakagira bacye bakirizwa mu bwato bw’ubutabazi buto, hafi aho hari ubwato bwa Californian ariko nti bwabashije gutabara. Ku isaha ya saa kumi za mu gitondo, nibwo ubwato bwa RMS Carpathia bwabashije kugera aho impanuka yabereye nyuma y’uko buhamagawe na Titanic imaze gukora impanuka.
Abantu bagera kuri 710 babashije kurokorwa batwarwa na Carpathia berekezwa I New York, naho abagera ku 1500 bose bari bamaze kuhasiga ubuzima.
Nyuma y’iyi mpanuka igifatwa nk’impanuka ya mbere yo mu mazi yahitanye abantu benshi mu mateka y’isi, ubwato bwwa Carpathia bwatabaye bwafashe iminsi 3 kugira ngo bugere I New York butwaye aba bantu bari barokotse, bitewe n’ikirere ndetse n’amazi mabi bwacagamo yari yuzuyemo amabuye menshi y’urubura.
Nyuma y’iyi mpanuka, imiryango itandukanye yagiye ishyirwaho mu rwego rwo gufasha abarokotse iyi mpanuka ndetse no gufasha ababuriye ababo muri iyi mpanuka.
Ibice by’ubu bwato byaguye hasi mu nyanja, kugeza ubu bikaba bikirimo. iyi foto yashyizwe hanze mu mwaka wa 2012 ikaba yarafotowe muri 2004 igaragaza kimwe mu bisigazwa by’ubu bwato mu bujya kuzimu bw’inyanja bugera ku bilometero 3.7.
Iyi mpanuka yakozwemo Filime yakunzwe ku isi
Mu mwaka w’1997 umwanditsi akaba n’umuyobozi wa filime w’umunyamerika James Cameron yashyize hanze filime ivuga kuri iyi mpanuka. Iyi filime iri ku mwanya wa 2 muri filime zinjije amafaranga menshi cyane ku isi aho kugeza ubu imaze kwinjiza asaga miliyari 2.1 z’amadolari ya Amerika.
Iyi filime n’ubwo ivuga kuri iyi mpanuka, yongerewemo indi nkuru y’urukundo rwa Jack na Rose nk’aho aribo bateye iyi mpanuka ubwo uwacungaga icyerekezo ubu bwato bwerekezagamo yabarangariraga basomana akibagirwa gucunga imbere agashiduka ubwato bwegereye iki kibuye bwagonze.
