Kuri uyu wa gatatu, tariki 23 Ukwakira 2019, Perezida w’Uburusiya Vladmir Putin azakira abayobozi b’ibihugu bya Afurika mu mujyi wa Sochi mu nama ifatwa na benshi nk’igitero gikomeye iki gihugu kizaba kigabye ku mugabane wa Afurika kuva icyahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti cyahuhuka.
Abayobozi b’ibihugu bya Afurika basaga 50 batumiwe muri iyi nama y’iminsi ibiri ifatwa nk’aho ari ugusubiza umuriro w’amasasu (counterattack) ku Bushinwa, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Uburayi ndetse n’Ubuyapani byo bimaze iminsi biteye amatako muri Afurika bishaka kuyigarurira mu buryo bugezweho cyane cyane mu bukungu.
Perezida Putin umaze imyaka isaga 20 ari ku ruhembe rw’ubutegetsi bw’i Moscow, aho rimwe yigeze gukora igisa n’icenga rya politiki akava ku mwanya wa Perezida aba Minisitiri w’Intebe na ho Minisitiri w’Intebe Dmitri Medvedev akaba Perezida, agamije kureba uko yasinyana amasezerano n’ibihugu bya Afurika ku bufatanye mu bya gisirikare n’ubucuruzi nk’intwaro yafasha ubukungu bw’icyo gihugu kuzaba butajegajega mu myaka iri imbere.
" Amakompanyi yo mu Burusiya yiteguye gusangiza abafatanyabikorwa bacu b’Abanyafurika ku iterambere ry’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga yagezeho ndetse n’ubunararibonye mu guteza imbere urwego rw’ingufu, ubwikorezi ndetse n’ibikorwaremezo byo mu itumanaho." Aya ni amagambo Perezida Putin yavugiye mu ijambo ribanziriza iyi nama ku nyungu z’ubushabitsi Moscow yiteze kuri Afurika.
Nyuma yo gukoresha ijambo ryabwo mu gace iherereyemo biciye mu ruhare rutaziguye yagize mu mibanire yabwo n’ibihugu biri mu karere buherereyemo ndetse no kwigarurira ubutaka bwa bimwe, kuba Uburusiya bugiye kwicara ku meza amwe na Afurika kuri uyu wa 23 na 24 Ukuboza ni ikimenyetso cy’ubushake bw’abategetsi b’i Moscow bwo kuba na bo bagira agace k’intongo batwara ku nyamaswa iri gusamba yitwa Afurika muri ibi bihe byakurikiye intambara y’ubutita.
Iyi nama irabonwa n’abakurikiranira hafi umunsi ku munsi iby’imibanire mpuzamahanga nk’igisubizo cyangwa se kureka gusa n’aho bigira ntibindeba ku Inama Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (USA) zisanzwe zigirana na Afurika (US-Africa Summit), ihuza u Bushinwa na Afurika (China’s Forum on China-Africa Cooperation), iyo u Buyapani na Afurika izwi nka Ticad ndetse n’izidasiba z’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi na Afurika.
Kugeza ubu, ubucuruzi hagati y’Uburusiya na Afurika bungana na miliyari 2o z’amadolari, bingana na kimwe cy’icumi cy’ubwa Afurika n’Ubushinwa bwo bwacuruzanyije hagati yabwo na Afurika ibicuruzwa bifite agaciro ka miliyari 204.19 z’amadolari nkuko imibare ya vuba ibigaragaza.
Iturufu y’umubano ushingiye ku mateka
Kwigarurira Afurika bikozwe n’Ubushinwa byavuye kuri ‘avanse’ y’imyenda ibarirwa agaciro ka za miliyari z’amadolari bwahaye Afurika mu bihe bitandukanye byatumye iki gihugu kibona uko kigera ku mutungo kamere mwinshi usinziriye mu butaka bwa Afurika ndetse kibona muri Afurika isoko rishyushye ry’ibicuruzwa byacyo.
Ku rundi ruhande, Leta Zunze za Amerika zacuruzanyije na Afurika yo mu nsi y’Ubutayu bwa Sahara ibicuruzwa bipima miliyari 39 z’amadolari nkuko imibare ya vuba itangazwa n’icyo gihugu ibigaragaza.
Hagati y’umwaka wa 2009 n’uwa 2013, Ikigo Mpuzamahanga cy’Ubushakashatsi ku Mahoro cy’i Stokholm (Stockholm International Peace Research Institute) cyatangaje ko Uburusiya bwagurishije muri Afurika ibikoresho bya gisirikare bifite agaciro ka miliyari imwe na miliyoni 51 z’amadolari ($1.051Bn).
Icyo giciro cyaragabanutse kigera kuri miliyoni 784 z’amadolari hagati y’uwa 2014 n’uwa 2018, nubwo bwose nta makuru yuzuye neza ahari ku bwoko n’imiterere y’intwaro Uburusiya bwacuruje muri Afurika.
Ambasaderi w’u Burusiya muri Kenya, Bwana Dmitry Maksimychev mu kiganiro n’itangazamakuru yavuze ku mikoranire yifuzwa n’igihugu cye na Afurika agira ati " Nkuko ushobora kuba ubitekereza, muri Kenya ndetse na Afurika yose, intego dufite ni iyo gukorana muri bya bintu dufitemo ubunararibonye ndetse tunazobereyemo kurusha ibindi. Ni urwego rw’ingufu, ubucukuzi bw’umutungo kamere butangiza ibidukikije, ubwubatsi, ubwikorezi, inzira za gariyamoshi, imihanda, guhindura umuriro w’amashanyarazi, ibikorwa remezo muri rusange."
Uburusiya ntibushaka gusigara inyuma…
Abarebera ibintu hafi bavuga ko kuba Uburusiya bushaka na bwo kugira ijambo rikomeye kurushaho kuri Afurika ari uko bubona busa n’aho bwasigaye inyuma muri iri siganwa.
Ibrahim Khamis Adan wahoze ari Ambasaderi wungirije mu Butaliyani na Polonye ubu akaba ari mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru, asobanura ibi agira ati " Binyuze mu kubanza gucukumbura neza isano ishingiye ku ntambara zo kwibohora mu bihugu bya Afurika bwagizemo uruhare, Uburusiya burashaka kwishingira igiti kandi ntibwifuza gusigara inyuma mu rugamba rwo kunyunyuza umutungo kamere wa Afurika ndetse n’isoko ryayo."
Ambasaderi Khamis Adam avuga ko ijambo Uburusiya bushaka gufata kuri Afurika rikomoka ku kwiyomekaho Intara ya Crimea ndetse n’uturere tw’uburasirazuba bwa Donetsk muri Ukraine byakozwe n’Uburusiya mu mwaka wa 2014.
USA na bimwe mu bihugu by’inshuti zayo bihurira mu Muryango wa OTAN byafafiye Uburusiya ibihano mu bukungu byatumye buhindura umuvuno bushakira amasoko mu bihugu byo muri Aziya yo Hagati, Ubushinwa, Ubuhinde, Ubutaliyani ndetse no mu bihugu bya Afurika hanyuma aha.
" Uburusiya nta mbaraga bufite zo gufasha Afurika mu buryo bw’ubukungu ariko buzasezerana ndetse bunasinye amasezerano aryoheye amaso mu by’ubukungu. Ibihugu bya Afurika bishishikajwe cyane n’umubano wabyo ushingiye ku bukungu n’ibindi bihugu. Hagize umwenda Uburusiya busonera Afurika ni ikintu cyakwakiranwa na yombi na bimwe mu bihugu bya Afurika bisanzwe bikoresha imyenda myinshi” nkuko Ambasadri Ibrahim Khamis Adan yabivuze aganira n’ikinyamakuru The East African dukesha iyi nkuru.
Mu ijambo yavuze ritegurira iyi nama itangira kuri uyu wa gatatu, abakuru b’ibihugu barenga 30 bari bamaze kwemeza ko bazitabira ku cyumweru tariki ya 20 Ukwakira, Perezida Putin yavuze ko kimwe mu byo inama izibandaho ari ukuva ku buryo Leta z’Abasoviyeti zabonaga Afurika ahubwo ubucuruzi bugakorwa bushingiye ku isano Afurika ifitanye n’Uburusiya.
Putin yavuze ko Uburusiya bwifuza gufasha Afurika binyuze mu bucuruzi, ishoramari ndetse n’imishinga ihuriweho iri gukorwa muri iki gihe mu ruganda rw’ubucukuzi, ubuhinzi, ubuvuzi ndetse n’uburezi.
Iki cyifuzo gisa n’aho gifite intego ihamya umwotso aho Afurika ibabara cyane muri iyi minsi. Nk’umugabane wiyiziho kuba warasigaye inyuma mu iterambere ry’ibikorwaremezo n’ikoranabuhanga, uyu mugabane uzwiho kuba ingobyi y’ikiremwamuntu uherutse gutangiza isoko ryawo rizwi nka Africa Continental Free Trade Area (AfCTA) rigamije kuzamura ubucuruzi ibihugu byawo bikorana bikabukuba gatatu buvuye ku kigero cya 15% buhagazeho ubu.
Ibi kugira ngo bigerweho, bizasaba amategeko anogejwe kurushaho, ibikorwa remezo byiza byiyongereye kandi byiza kurusha uko biri ubu ndetse n’iterambere ry’inganda nkuko biri mu nyandiko z’aya masezerano ya AfCTA.
Amasezerano y’ubufatanye mu bucuruzi
Abarusiya biyemeje kuzigana uburyo Ubushinwa bwakoresheje bwinjira muri Afurika aho bazashaka uko basinyana amasezerano y’ubufatanye mu bucuruzi, bagatera inkunga ibigo byabo by’ubucuruzi ndetse bakagira uruhare mu mishinga y’inganda zikora ibijyanye no gucukura umutungo uri mu nda y’isi, ingufu ndetse n’ikoranabuhanga.
Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga w’Uburusiya Sergey Lavrov yatangarije mu nama yabereye i Moscow muri Kamena uyu mwaka ko “Ari iby’ingenzi kurebera ku bunararibonye bw’Ubushinwa aho amakompanyi ahabwa ubwishingizi ndetse n’inkunga na leta bikayafasha gukora ahozaho kandi mu gihe kirekire muri Afurika.”
Lavrov yakomeje agira ati " Tuzita kandi ku kuba twashobora gukurura no gukorana n’abacuruzi bato n’abaciririritse muri Afurika. Kugeza ubu, imikoranire yacu na bene nk’abo iracyari hasi."
Icyakora, Uburusiya ntibwahoze bushishikariye ibi mbere hose. Mu gihe bwari bukizwi nka Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti, Uburusiya, mu bihe by’Intambara y’Ubutita, bwakoze ibishoboka byose ngo busakaze ingengabitekerezo yabwo muri Afurika aho bwagiye butera inkunga imitwe yaharaniraga kwibohora mu bihugu byayo nka Mozambique, Angola ndetse n’intambara mu bihugu nka Congo n’ibindi.
Ubwo Intambara y’Ubutita yarangiraga, Uburusiya bwakomeje umubano wabwo muri Sudan byagejeje Omar al-Bashir ku butegetsi bwamaze igihe kirekire, bukomeza kandi umubano wabwo mu bya gisirikare na Repubulika ya Centrafrique bunagurisha ibikoresho bya gisirikare n’intwaro mu bihugu nk’u Rwanda, Chad, Kenya, Sudani y’Epfo, Uganda, Zambia, Ghana na Guinea.
Buruse
Mu gihe cy’Intambara y’Ubutita, ubutegetsi bw’i Moscow bwasigasiye umubano wabwo na Afurika buha buruse abanyeshuri bakomoka kuri uyu mugabane cyane cyane abemeraga ingengabitekerezo za gikomunisiti ndetse baje no kuvamo abanyapolitiki b’ibikomerezwa mu bihugu byabo.
I Moscow, hari kaminuza bahaye izina rya Patrice Lumumba wishwe mu mwaka wa 1961. Nyuma y’Intambara y’Ubutita, ntibyahendukiye na gato Uburusiya, kinini kurusha ibindi ku isi, gukomera kuri iyi migambi.
Bwana James Shikwati, impuguke mu bukungu akaba n’Umuyobozi w’Akanama gahuza Impuguke mu Bukungu mu Karere muri Kenya (Inter Region Economic Network Kenya) atekereza ko Uburusiya bushobora gufatira ku kudahozaho kw’abakeba babwo ariko bukabanza kwibuka ko uguhirima kw’icyahoze ari Ubumwe bw’Abasoviyeti bwahindanyije isura yabwo muri Afurika ku buryo kuyifashisha bwicuruza kuri uyu mugabane bitazabworohera.
Ati " Kongera gushishikarira kwinjira k’Uburusiya muri Afurika bisa n’aho bigushingiye ku nyungu uyu mugabane ubona mu kugira abafatanyabikorwa benshi mu iterambere ndetse n’amahoro, umutekano n’iterambere ry’ibikorwa remezo biyobowe n’ibihugu byo mu Burasirazuba umuntu atakwishingikirizaho [Afurika igahitamo kubagarira yose]."
Mu gihe Abarusiya bavuga ko bazigira ku Bashinwa, Bwana Shikwati asa n’uvuga ko bitazabagendekera neza igihe cyose babaye imbata cyangwa bagashaka kwivanga muri politiki z’imbere mu bihugu bya Afurika.
Atanga umuburo agira ati " Uburyo bw’imikorere y’Abarusiya bushobora kuzakubita igihwereye nibagwa mu mutego wo gushaka kwivanga muri politiki z’imbere mu bihugu bya Afurika ndetse n’amadeni aremereye Afurika ifitiye Ubushinwa ahora avugwa nabi akaba asa n’aho ari ryo bendera ry’Ubushinwa mu gihe bumaze kuri uyu mugabane."
IRADUKUNDA Fidele Samson
