Ni kenshi wagiye ubona ikoreshwa ry’ama ’robots’ muri filime zinyuranye. Ni inshuro nyinshi ubona imbunda zirashisha zonyine mu mikino yo muri telefoni cyangwa mudasobwa. Ntibikiri inkuru kuri ubu robots, imbunda zirashisha nizo zigiye kujya zoherezwa ku rugamba mu buzima busanzwe bisimbure abasirikare.
Iyaduka rya ’Robots’ za gisirikare riri kwihuta cyane. Ubwo Amerika yateraga muri Iraq muri 2003, yakoreshaga igisirikare gisanzwe mu kirere ikitabaza Drones, hasi ku butaka nta Robots zahakoreshwaga.
Ikinyamakuru le Monde gitangaza ko mu mpera za 2004, Robots 150 zahise zijyanwa ku rugamba. Muri 2008 umubare wari wazamutse cyane kugeza kuri Robots 12.000 zo mu bwoko 12 butandukanye. Kugeza ubu mu bihugu Amerika ifitemo ingabo nka Iraq na Afghanistan, ikoresha Drones zirenga 7000 zo mu bwoko bugezweho bwa Predator na Reaper, mu mazi bagakoresha’ MQ-8 Fire Scout’, drones zo mu bwoko bwa kajugujugu zifasha mu butasi, gufasha mu bitero byo mu kirere ndetse no kunganira ingabo zo mu mazi no ku butaka kubasha kumenya neza aho umwanzi ari. Igisirikare cya Amerika kirwanira ku butaka(US Army )gifite gahunda yo kugabanya ingabo zayo , ikongera Robots mu rwego rwo guhangana n’ibyihebe.
Ku butaka, Amerika ikoresha Robots zigera kuri 12.000 ziganjemo izikorwa na iRobot nka iRobot 510 PackBot, zikoreshwa ahari urugamba rukomeye, mu gutegurura ibisasu, kumenya ahari intwaro z’ubumara n’iza kirimbuzi(chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear detection).
Nubwo akenshi iyo havuzwe umwaduko n’ikoreshwa rya Robots mu gisirikare, hakoreshwa ingero zigaruka kuri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, CNN itangaza ko nibura bihugu 87 biri gukoresha iri twakwita nk’iterambere mu bya gisirikare. Iki kinyamakuru cyabitangaje mu nkuru cyahaye umutwe ugira uti’ The future of war will be robotic’ yo ku wa 23 Gashyantare 2015. Mu bifite umuvuduko kurusha ibindi havugwamo Ubwongereza n’Ubushinwa. Afurika y’Epfo nicyo gihugu cyo muri Afurika kivugwaho gutunga nacyo ‘Robots’ za gisirikare. Si ibihugu gusa kuko n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro nayo yatangiye gukoresha Robots mu ntambara. Muri iyo harimo umutwe wa ISIS . Muri 2015, impande zari zihanganye muri Ukraine nazo zakoreshaga Robots na drones ku rugamba.
Ikoreshwa rya’Robots’ rirasa naho riri mu ntangiriro. Ibi tubigereranyije no mu myaka 100 ishize, izi Robots zagereranywa n’iyaduka rya Bristol TB 8, indege ya mbere y’intambara yabayeho cyangwa se Mark I, ikimodoka cy’intambara benshi bita igifaru cyakoreshejwe bwa mbere mu ntambara.Uko bigaragara ahazaza haduhishiye byinshi. Izi robots ziri gukorwa ubu zizakomeza guhindurirwa imitere n’imikorere, zirushaho guhabwa imbaraga n’ubushobozi bwinshi.
Ahazaza h’igisirikare cyo mu mazi cya Amerika, si ugukoresha gusa Robot yitwaje intwaro ku butaka ahubwo harateganywa ko igomba no kuba yifitiye drone ntoya cyane yayo yikoreshereza. CNN itanga urugero rwa PD-100 Black Hornet ipima garama 18. Iyi izajya ifasha igisirikare cyo mu mazi kubasha kuneka ba mudahusha n’ahandi hose umwanzi ari. Indi drone ishobora kuzajya ikoreshwa na robots zo mu mazi ni Zephyr, ipima m22 igakoreshwa n’imirasire y’izuba, ishobora kumara mu kirere iminsi 11.
Kamwe mu tudege duto igisirikare cya Amerika kizajya cyifashisha mu butasi
Hanifashishwa utudege duto nkaka ubona ku ishusho kujya gutata umwanzi
Mu minsi izaza intambaza izajya ihuza Robots ku butaka, mu mazi, mu kirere no mu isanzure
Tariki 6 Nyakanga 2016, Lieutenant General Andrey Grigoriev, umuyobozi mukuru wa gisirikare mu bijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga w’u Burusiya yatangarije ikinyamakuru RIA Novosti ko mu minsi izaza abasirikare bagomba gusimburwa na Robots. Kubwa Grigoriev asanga mu gihe kizaza intambaza izajya ihuza Robots ku butaka, mu mazi, mu kirere no mu isanzure, akongeraho ko iminsi y’abasirikare basanzwe ku rugamba ibaze.
Andrey Grigoriev yagize ati “ Ndabona hari gukorwa Robots nyinshi z’intambara(a greater robotization). Mubyukuri mu gihe kizaza, intambara izajya iba irimo imashini n’abazirwanisha aho kuba abasirikare barasana. Zizajya ziba ari Units za Robots zihambaye zizajya zihanganira ku butaka , mu kirere , mu mazi no munsi yayo ndetse no mu isanzure.”
Grigoriev yongeyeho ko abasirikare bazahindurwa abakoresha izi mashini aho kujya ku rugamba. Ibi ikinyamakuru RT cyabyanditse mu nyandiko cyahaye umutwe ugira uti ‘War machine: Robots to replace soldiers in future, says Russian military’s tech chief’ yo ku wa 6 Nyakanga 2016.
Mu rwego rwo gukora Robots zikoresha ubwazo, OPK ,igice cy’uruganda rwa Rostec arms corporation yakoze software yitwa’ Unicum’ ishyirwa muri Robots za gisivili cyangwa iza gisirikare kuburyo izongerera ubwenge bwakozwe na muntu (artificial intelligence).Ibi bizajya bizifasha kwikoresha no kwiyobora mu bikorwa bikomeye zibyifashijemo. Unicum (biva ku ijambo ry’ikiratini, bisobanuye umwe gusa), izajya ifasha Robots zigera nibura ku 10 gutanga inshingano, guhitamo umuyobozi wazo no guha inshingano ku rugamba buri Robot. Uretse kubasha gufasha Robots gukora ku rugamba, Unicum izajya inasaba ko izatari gukora zasimbuzwa. Unicum ishobora gushyirwa muri Robot iyo ariyo yose yaba ikorera ku butaka, mu mazi cyangwa mu kirere.
Kugira ngo ubashe kubona neza ishusho y’igisirikare cy’ahazaza, muri 2005, mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe n’ikigo WinterGreen Research, bwagaragaje ko isoko rya Robots za gisirikare muri Amerika gusa rizava kuri miliyari eshatu na miliyoni magana abiri z’amadorali y’Amerika ryariho muri 2014 rigere kuri miliyari icumi na miliyoni Magana abiri z’amadorali ya Amerika mu mwaka wa 2021(Tuyashyize mu gaciro k’amanyarwanda muri iki gihe yaba ari 8.160.000.000.000). Ni ukuvuga ko mu myaka 7 gusa, amafaranga iki gisirikare gishora muri uyu mushinga azikuba inshuro 3.
Mu myaka 10 buri gihugu kizaba gitunze ‘Drones’ zirasa ibisasu byo mu bwoko bwa ‘Missiles’
Mu nkuru ikinyamakuru Defense One cyahaye umutwe ugira uti’ Every Country Will Have Armed Drones Within 10 Years’ yo muri Gicurasi 2014, bagaragazamo uburyo nibura muri 2024 buri gihugu kizaba gitunze Drones za gisirikare kandi zishobora kurasa ibisasu byo mu bwoko bwa ‘Missiles’. Izi Drones ngo zizajya zifashishwa mu kurasa ahantu runaka(targeted killings), mu kurwanya ibyihebe, mu kurasaba abantu barwanya Leta runaka,…Umwanditsi akomeza ahamya ko ibi Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ntacyo zakora ngo zibihindure. Noel Sharkey, umwarimu muri kaminuza ya Sheffield mu bijyanye na Robots yatangaje ko mu gihe Ubushinwa buzaba butangiye gucuruza Drones mu bindi bihugu, ko ikoranabuhanga ryazo ritazatinda gukwira ku isi hose kuburyo kubwe imyaka 10 ihagije.
Imyaka 10 kandi Noel Sharkey ayihuriaraho na Sam Brannen, umusesenguzi mu bya Drones muri Center for Strategic and International Studies muri gahunda y’umutekano mpuzamahanga muri Amerika. Brannen avuga ko mu myaka nibura 5 buri gihugu kizaba kimaze kugira UAV (Unmanned Air Vehicle), izina uzakunda kubona mu nyandiko nyinshi risobanura Drones. Mu myaka 10, Brannen avuga ko aribwo nibura buri gihugu kizaba kimaze kugira Drones zirasa kure zo mu bwoko bwa MQ-9 Reaper.
“Buri gihugu cyose gifite indege za gisirikare, kizashobora no gutunga UAV” aya ni amagambo ya Mary Cummings, umwarimu muri Duke University akaba yaranahoze ari umu pilote mu gisirikare cya Amerika. Defense One ikomeza ivuga ko bitazasaba buri gihugu kugira ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora Drone kuko Ubushinwa bwatangaje ko bugiye gutangira guhangana n’Abanyamerika ndetse na Israel byari bisanzwe biyoboye ikorwa rya Drones.
Tariki 19 Mata 2014 nibwo igikomangoma Salman bin Abdulaziz wo muri Arabia Saudite yahuye na Lt. General Wang Guanzhong ukuriye ingabo z’Ubushinwa basinyana amasezerano yo gukorana drones. Ibi Ubushinwa bwabikoze mu gihe Amerika yari yaranze gutanga iri koranabuhanga ku kindi gihugu icyo aricyo cyose kugeza no kubyo bakorana byahafi.
Kuri uyu wa gatanu tariki 28 Mata 2017 nibwo igisirikare cya Amerika cyongeye kugerageza izindi Robots zimeze nk’ibifaru ariko zo zikaba ntoya kandi zikoranye imbunda zirasa urufaya zo mu bwoko bwa machine-guns zizajya zijya ku rugamba. Ibi wabisoma nku nkuru Daily Mail yahaye umutwe ugira uti ’The future of war? US marines test robots with machine guns and ’HyperSubs’ to storm beaches’.
Bageragaje kandi indege zitagira abapilote (drones) zizajya zifasha izo robots kumenya aho umwanzi ari. Ibi ngo bigamije kugabanya umubare w’ingabo zijya ku rugamba bityo umubare w’abasirikare bapfira ku rugamba n’abakomereka ukagabanuka.
Igerageza ry’izi ntwaro zigera kuri 50 ryabereye mu kigo cya gisirikare kiri ahitwa Pendleton muri California.
Izi robots zifite ubushobozi bwo kwiruka Km 60 mu isaha kandi zishobora kuzamuka ahantu hameze nabi mu mikoki ari nako zirasa urufaya ahantu zahaweho amakuru na drones, ko hari umwanzi.
Igisirikare cya USA cyagerageje ubwato bwa gisirikare bufite ubushobozi bwo kwihinduranya bukaba ubwato bugendera munsi y’amazi bita ‘submarine’.
Izi robots zifite ubushobozi bwo kwiruka Km 60 mu isaha kandi zishobora kuzamuka ahantu hameze nabi
Umusirikare wa Amerika aragerageza Drone izifashishwa mu ntambara mu gihe kizaza
Ubwato bufite umuvuduko munini bushobora no kwihinduramo submarine
No mu kazi gasanzwe bivugwa ko ikoreshwa rya Robots rigiye kwihuta mu gihe gito kiri imbere
Umwe mu bayobozi b’ingabo za US wari muri iri gerageza yabwiye Fox News ko bagamije kurinda ko ingabo zabo ziba nyinshi ku rugamba bityo zikaba zakomereka cyangwa zigapfa.
Izi mashini kandi zizajya zikora ahantu ubusanzwe hagora ingabo kuharwanira bitewe n’imiterere y’ubutaka, aho urugamba rukaze cyane cyangwa ahari ubushyuhe n’ubukonje byagora umuntu kuhatinda.
Aho gukoresha amapine asanzwe ashobora gupfumuka, ziriya robots zikoresha iminyururu nk’iy’imishani zikora imihanda.
Ibi bizazofasha kurwanira ahantu hari umucanga, hahanamye cyangwa hanyerera. Buri mashini ifite ubushobozi bwo kwikorera intwaro ifite Kg 272.
Ibi bice byombi by’iyi nkuru ni ishusho ikugaragariza uko ikorwa n’ikoreshwa rya Drones na Robots mu gisirikare bihagaze.
Inkuru nkizi tuzitegura tugendeye kubyo abasomyi badusaba. Niba nawe ufite indi ngingo wumva twazagarukaho mu nkuru zacu zitaha, watwandikira kuri [email protected]
INKURU BIJYANYE:
ICYEGERANYO ku mwaduko wa ROBOTS n’imbunda zirashisha ku rugamba IGICE CYA MBERE
