Abana bavukana igihimba gifite imitwe 2, abavuka bafatanye…ingaruka za Agent Orange Amerika yamennye kuri Vietnam

Nyuma y’inkuru twabagejejeho y’abaraperi bo muri Amerika bibasiye Donald Trump na politiki ye bakamwita izina rya Agent Orange mu birori bya Grammy Awards byabereye i Los Angeles tariki 12 Gashyantare 2017, umusomyi wa rwandamagazine.com yasabye ko twagaruka ku buryo burambuye ku muti wa Agent Orange Abanyamerika bakoresheje mu ntambara yo muri Vietnam nanubu ukaba ukigira ingaruka ku baturage bayo.

Abaraperi bibasiye Trump bamuhimba izina rifite inkomoko kubyo Amerika yakoze muri Vietnam

Hagati ya 1962 na 1971, igihe Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zari mu ntambara muri Vietnam, Abanyamerika bamenye litiro miliyoni 80 z’imiti y’uburozi kuri hegitare miliyoni 3,3 y’amashyamba n’ubutaka bya Vietnam. Icyo gihe ibyaro 300 byahise bigirwaho ingaruka n’ubwo burozi ndetse 60% by’iyo miti yakoreshwaga yari iyo mu bwoko bwa ‘Agent orange’. Agent Orange ni umuti wakozwe n’inganda zigera kuri 7 zihagarariwe n’urwa Monsanto bahereye ku muti w’ibihingwa 2,4,5-T ariko haza kongerwamo ubundi burozi bukomeye.

Mu busobanuro inkoranyamagambo ya Larousse itanga, ivuga ko mwene iyi miti y’uburozi iyo imenywe ku ishyamba, ibibabi by’icyatsi byumira iminsi 3. Iyo ibiti n’ibyatsi bidahise byuma, indi ngaruka ngo ni uko bisaba imyaka myinshi kugira ngo ibimera by’ibara ry’icyatsi byongere kumera.

Nyuma y’uko hatangajwe ko hari uburozi bwo mu bwoko bwa ‘dioxine TCDD’ bwakoreshejwe mu ikorwa ry’umuti w’ibimera 2,4,5-T, , uru ruganda rwa Monsanto ntabwo rwigeze rwemera ko haba harabayemo ikosa mu ikorwa ryawo ahubwo rwemeje ko Minisiteri y’igisirikare cya Amerika ariyo yayisabye kuwukora kuko yateganyaga kuwukoresha mu bikorwa bya gisirikare. Abashakashatsi ba Monsanto bashimagije umuti wabo mu gihe ukoreshejwe mu gihe cy’intambara kuko utsemba ibihingwa, ugateza inzara mu basirikare ndetse n’abaturage b’abanzi nkuko ikinyamakuru Le Grand Soir cyabyanditse mu nkuru ifite umutwe ugira uti ‘L’Agent Orange et la guerre du Vietnam’ yo kuwa 23 Kanama 2013.

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na kaminuza ya Columbia, butangazwa muri 2003, bwagaragaje ko ufashe garama 80 z’ubu burozi bwa Dioxine ukaziyengesha mu mazi meza, zishobora kurimbura umujyi utuwe n’abantu Miliyoni 8.

Monsanto yahishe igisirikare cya Amerika ko ‘intwaro’ babahaye irimo uburozi

Ibinyamakuru byinshi ndetse n’ibitabo bivuga ku ikoreshwa rya Agent Orange, bifata uyu muti nk’intwaro Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zifashishije mu ntambara ya Vietnam.Ikoreshwa ryayo rizakomeza kugira ingaruka ku baturage ba Vietnam ariko ridasize n’abasirikare ba Amerika bakoresheje uyu muti ntabwirinzi bakoresheje. Ibi byatewe n’uko uruganda rwa Monsanto rwahishe igisirikare cya Amerika ko umuti wa 2,4,5-T (Agent Orange)babahaye ngo ukoreshwe ku rugamba warimo ibisigazwa byinshi by’uburozi bwa dioxine TCDD ubigereranyije n’umuti usanzwe ukoreshwa mu buhinzi.

Inyandiko y’ibanga y’uruganda Dow Chemicals yahishuwe yo ku wa 22 Gashyantare 1965 , yagaragaje inama y’ibanga yabaye hagati y’abakoze uyu muti harimo na Monsanto kugira ngo baganire ku bibazo uyu muti wari guteza. Uruganda rwa Dow rumwe muzari zifatanyije na Monsanto rwibazaga niba bagomba kubwira Leta ya Amerika ibijyanye n’ubwo burozi ariko Monsanto isaba ko iryo banga ryakomeza kubikwa. Ibi byanemejwe na Gerson Smoger waburaniye benshi mu basirikare barokotse intambara yo muri Vietnam. Gerson Smoger avuga ko iyi nama yabaye mu ibanga rikomeye ndetse iri banga riza gukomeza kubikwa mu myaka 4 yakurikiyeho.
Muri 1969 nibwo ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’ikigo cy’Ubuzima cya Amerika bwagaragaje ko imbeba zahumetse ku muti wa Agent Orange, zagiraga ‘malformations fœtales’ tugenekereje mu Kinyarwanda ni ukugira ibibazo mu kurema imbeba zabaga zifite mu nda ndetse akenshi zikabwagura utwana twapfuye. Tariki 15 Mata 1970, umunyamabanga w’ubuhinzi muri Amerika yabujije ndetse ahagarika ikoreshwa ry’umuti wa 2,4,5-T kubw’ibibazo washoboraga guteza ubuzima bw’abantu.

Muri 1971 igisirikare cya Amerika cyahagaritse ikoreshwa rya Agent Orange ariko ingaruka zawo zarakomeje biturutse ku burozi bwa Dioxine bwinjiye mu butaka, no mu mazi. Muri 1978, Paul Reutershan umwe mubasirikare bwarwanye muri Vietnam wari urwaye kanseri yo mu mara, yajyanye mu rukiko abakoze Agent Orange. Abasirikare ibihumbi bahise biyunga kuri Paul kubera ibimenyetso by’uburwayi bagaragazaga bitewe n’umuti wa Agent Orange ndetse bibumbira mu itsinda bise ‘Class action’ nabo barega abakoze Agent Orange.

Mu rwego rwo kwiregura, Monsanto yavuze ko uburozi bwa dioxine TCDD bwari mu banyamerika bose, mu bidukikije kugeza no mu biribwa. Ibyo Monsanto yavugaga ni ukuri ariko uburozi bwari mu basirikare barwanye muri Vietnam bwari buri hejuru nkuko twabibonye haruguru ko uru ruganda rwahishe Leta ya Amerika ko uburozi bongeye muri uyu muti uri ku kigero cyo hejuru. Muri 1984 nibwo ku bwumvikane, abagiriye ibibazo mu ntambara yo muri Vietnam kubera umuti wa Agent Orange bishyuwe n’inganda zakoze uyu muti agera kuri miliyoni 180 z’amadorali ya Amerika. Umucamanza icyo gihe yemeje ko 45.5% byishyurwa na Monsanto kubw’uburozi bwa dioxine bwari mu muti wa 2,4,5-T . Abasirikare bagera ku 40000, bitewe n’uburwayi bagiye bahabwa hagati y’amadorali 256 na 12800.

Kugeza nubu Agent Orange iracyagira ingaruka ku baturage ba Vietnam

Muri 2013 , abayobozi bo muri Vietnam babaruraga abana 150.000 bavukanye ubusembwa kubera iyo miti ndetse abantu 800.000 icyo gihe bari barwaye uburwayi bwakomotse kuri iyo miti.

Ibitaro bya Tu Du nibyo binini mu gihugu cya Vietnam biri mu Mujyi wa Ho-Chi-Minh. Abaturage ba Vietnama babyise izina rya ‘musée de horreur de la dioxine’. Tugenekereje mu Kinyarwanda ni ‘Inzu ndangamurage y’ikibi cyatewe na Dioxine’. Mu bitaro by’abana niho hasangwa abana bavukanye ubusembwa bunyuranye kandi buteye ubwoba nkaho usanga abana bavukana bahuriye ku mutwe umwe, umwana ufite igihimba kimwe gifite imitwe 2, abana bavutse badafite ubwonko(anencéphalie),abavutse bafite ubwonko buto (microcéphalie) hakabaho n’izindi ndwara abahanga muri siyansi babuze uko basobanura nkuko Le Grand Soir ibitangaza.

Muri 2005, ibitaro bya Tu Du byabaruye abana 800 bavukanye ubusembwa, umubare uruta kure impuzandengo y’ababuvukana ku isi hose. Mu nkuru yayo yanditse tariki 13 Gashyantare 2017,’ Les rappeurs clashent Donald Trump lors de la cérémonie des Grammy Awards’, Jeune Afrique yatangaje ko nanubu abaturage bo muri Vietnam bakigirwaho ingaruka n’iyo miti.

Muganga Nguyen Thi Ngoc, kuri ubu yita ku bantu bari mu mudugudu w’amahoro washyizwe muri ibi bitaro mu rwego rwo kwakira abana bavukanye ubusembwa kubera uburozi bwari muri Agent Orange. Kubwa Nguyen Thi Ngoc ngo hari abana bavutse badafite amaboko ndetse n’amaguru. Nguyen Thi Ngoc avuga ko ubu busembwa bwatangiye kwiyongera mu myaka ya 1960 ndetse bikaba bigikomeje kugeza ubu. Mu nkuru yayo ‘"Agent orange" au Vietnam : Monsanto condamné’, ya tariki 12 Nyakanga 2013, Le Monde yanditse ko Agent Orange yagize ingaruka ku baturage ba Vietnam bagera kuri miliyoni 3.

Mu nyandiko yayo ’Agent Orange’s Long Legacy, for Vietnam and Veterans’ yo ku wa 11 Gicurasi 2014, The New York Times isoza yibaza niba abasirikare ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika barwana muri Afghanistan na Iraq nabo batazagaragaza ibibazo nyuma kuko abarwanye muri Vietnam muri 1960 bakigaragaza indwara n’izindi ngaruka mbi bagizweho n’intambara.

Indege zo mu bwoko bwa C-123 nizo zamenaga iyi miti ku butaka bwa Vietnam

Icyapa cy’abigaragambya cyanditseho amagambo agira ati ’ Abahoze ku rugerero b’Abanyamerika n’abaturage bo muri Vietnam baracyapfa bazize Agent Orange

Umwana w’imyaka 14 wo muri Vietnam wavukanye ubusembwa kubera umuti wa Agent Orange

Nanubu abana muri Vietnam baracyavukana ubusembwa

Niba hari inkuru ushaka ko twazagarukaho mu minsi iri imbere wakwandika ubutumwa bwawe ukabwohereza kuri [email protected]

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