Album Exodus ya Bob Marley ubu imaze imyaka 45, ifatwa nk’iyaranze ikinyejana gishize cya 20 muri muzika. Aho yayisohoreye i Londres hatangiye imurikabikorwa kuri iki cyamamare muri Reggae.
Winjiye mu cyumba cya mbere cya Saatchi Gallery i Londres uhita ubona inyandiko nini zirambuye z’indirimbo z’uyu muhanzi hamwe n’itsinda rye, The Wailers.
Aho byerekanwa ku rukuta, disk nini imurika nka zahabu iri ahirengeye; ni album ya 10 yise Exodus (1997) yakozwe ubwo Marley n’intsinda rye bari bacumbitse mu ntambwe nkeya uvuye aho iri murika ubu riri kubera.
Uyu ni umwaka wa 45 iyi album bivugwa ko ari yo yashimangiye ubuhangange bw’uyu muhanzi ku isi isohotse, kandi ikomeje kumvwa n’urungano rutandukanye rwaje nyuma ye.
Exodus, indirimbo iyiranga ifatiye ku magambo yanditse mu Isezerano rya cyera aho Musa yari ayoboye abantu be mu gihugu cy’isezerano, igahuzwa n’ukwemera kwa Marley kwa Rastafari.
Ivuga ku rugendo rwe rusa no guhungira i Londres, kubera impagarara n’urugomo mu matora iwabo muri Jamaica hamwe no ku kugerageza kumwica mu Ukuboza 1976 agakomereka we n’umugore we, umuririmbyi Rita Marley.
Yaje kumara umwaka urenga mu murwa mukuru w’Ubwongereza, aho Exodus n’iyayikurikiye mu 1978 yise Kaya zakorewe.
Time Magazine yavuze ko Exodus ari album y’ikinyejana cya 20 y’ingenzi kurusha izindi, iyishimagiza nk’ "isangano rya politiki n’umuco ryabaye urumuri mu bihugu bikennye rinabiha ijambo ahandi ku isi".
Umuririmbyi akaba na rwiyemezamirimo, Cedella Marley, umukobwa wa Bob, yashimye abarimo gukora iri murikabikorwa bya se.
Ati: "Jonathan [Shank, uwateguye aho ririmo kubera] ni umuntu ureba kure. Muri buri cyumba urahasanga ikintu gito kuri Bob - na Mama [Rita marley] n’abana ndetse n’abuzukuru."
Exodus mu by’ukuri si muzika y’agahinda - Cedella
Exodus yagiye isohorwa bushya ahantu n’abantu batandukanye, harimo ku isabukuru yayo y’imyaka 40 ubwo musaza wa Cedella, Ziggy Marley yayisubiyemo.
N’ubu iracyanyura amatwi ya benshi, kuva ku ruhande rwayo A ahari injyana ibanza nka Natural Mystic kugera ku ruhande B ahari injyana z’urukundo n’icyizere nka Jamming na Waiting in Vain - binugwanugwa ko Bob yayituraga umukobwa bakundanye, Cindy Breakspeare, Three Little Birds hamwe n’izihebuje zose One Love.
Iyi album ishyira abayumva mu mbamutima z’agahinda, kwigomeka, amahoro, urukundo n’icyizere.
Nk’uko Cedella abivuga; "Ubutumwa bwayo buracyafite agaciro. Birababaje kuko ibintu byose bitahindutse ngo bibe byiza, kandi uko nkura n’abana banjye bakura, ndavuga nti; ’mbega! Mu mpera za 70 (1970) Jamaica yari mu bibazo. Data yashoboraga kujya aho ariho hose ku isi gukora muzika, ariko ku mpamvu zimwe yahisemo London. Exodus mu by’ukuri si muzika y’agahinda; ni inkuru z’ibintu byose yanyuzemo’."
Bob Marley ryari izina rizwi mu gihe yakoreraga Exodus i London. Mu 1975, we na The Wailers baririmbiye abantu buzuye inzu ya Lyceum Theatre i London.
Mu 1970 London ubwayo yari mu bihe byo kuzamuka kwa muzika nshya ihanganye na muzika y’abasirimu, Exodus ni imwe mu zazamuye ukwemerwa k’umuziki mushya utari umenyerewe mu Bwongereza icyo gihe.
Vivien Goldman umwanditsi kuri muzika yari ahari ubwo album ya Exodus yatunganywaga, mu gitabo cye yise The Book of Exodus (2006) yaranditse ati: "Exodus yari agashya; urugendo rwo kuva kuri ’style’ na tekinike bimenyerewe mu gushaka ibindi bitazwi, gushimangira injyana ya reggae no gukwira kwayo muri rubanda."
Cedella Marley yibuka ko "Ubwo Bob yazaga i Londres. Nararakaye cyane, kuko yadusize muri Jamaica…ariko yakoze ikintu kidasanzwe hano. Buri gihe iyo numvise Punky Reggae Party [imwe mu ndirimbo ku ruhande B rw’iyi album] mutekereza ari ahantu mu nzu hano i London, maze abantu bacye bakinjira; iryo tabi, uwo muziki, izo mvumba! Yumvaga amajwi ya muzika itari reggae gusa, kandi ntiyari afite ubwoba bwo kubikora."
Bob yajyaga impaka nziza
I Londres, Bob Marley yagize uruhare mu kwamamara kwa Don Letts, umu-DJ unatunganya amashusho wari umusore w’ingimbi [ubu ni umugabo mukuru] ubwo Bob yaririmbaga muri cya gitaramo cya Lyceum Theatre maze agahita yiyemeza kumukurikira kuri hotel aho yabaga bakamenyana.
Byageze mu 1977 Don Lets wari ufite imyaka 19 asigaye avanga muzika ya reggae muri clubs yakoragamo muzika kandi yambara ndetse anafite ibisage nk’ibya Bob.
Uyu muco yakuye kuri Bob Marley, Letts yawuvuzeho muri documentaire ku buzima bwe ndetse n’indi azasohora mu kwezi kwa gatatu uyu mwaka yise "Rebel Dread"
Letts yabwiye BBC Culture ati: "Bob yabaga hafi y’iwacu, kandi twajyaga impaka cyane kuri punk [ubwoko bwa muzika ya rock bwari bugezweho mu myaka ya 1970], mu mezi yakurikiyeho yamenyereye ubuzima na muzika ya hano ndetse nyuma yaje kwandika indirimbo ye Punky Reggae Party".
Letts asobanura ko nubwo Bob yari umuhanga cyane mu gutekereza ariko atahezaga inguni ku bitekerezo bye ahubwo yajyaga impaka nziza akanumva n’abo aruta akamera bimwe mu byo bajyamo impaka.
"Bob yari avuze byinshi ku bantu benshi" - Jonathan Shank
Kuri Exodus, muzika y’uburakari Bob Marley yayihinduyemo injyana nyinshi ziryoshye atuma habaho amoko menshi kuva ku njyana zo kwigomeka n’injyana z’umudundo wihariye nka Master Blaster (Jammin’) ya Steve Wonder mu 1980, n’izindi zagiye ziza zifatiye kuri muzika ya Bob nka ’global singalong’ y’indirimbo One Love yarimo abahanzi b’abahanga nka Manu Chao, Louis Mhlanga wo muri Zimbabwe cyangwa Keb ’Mo’ w’i Los Angeles.
Nta gushidikanya ku murage wa Bob, ibitekerezo bye byakomeje kugenderwaho mu bintu byose kuva muri football kugera muri politiki, nk’uko biri murikabikorwa riri kuba rigerageza kubyerekana.
Jonathan Shank ati: "Bob Marley yari asobanuye byinshi ku bantu benshi, n’ibiragano (generation) bitandukanye kugeza ubu. Icyantangaje ni uko iyo urebye ku magambo y’indirimbo ze, ubutumwa bwumvikana uyu munsi kurusha ikindi gihe."
Don Letts ntashidikanya ku kuba Exodus ari album y’ibihe byose, kuko "igice kinini cyayo gifatiye ku ukuri k’uko ubusumbane hagati y’abafite n’abadafite butigeze buvaho."
Ati: "Abayumva bazakomeza kuba benshi cyane, Bob niwe muhanzi wemerwa kurusha abandi bose kuri iyi si - atari uko yagurishije cyane, ahubwo kuko benshi badafite amafaranga bari kugirirwa nabi. Igihe cyose iyo mibare izaguma gutyo, Bob azakomeza kuba umugabo."
BBC
