Vladimir Putin, Perezida w’Uburusiya, mu buryo bwihuse yabaye umwe mu bayobozi bafite imbaraga kandi batinyitse ku isi yose nubwo byamusabye urugendo rurerure kugira ngo agere ku gasongero k’ububasha afite ubu.
Yamaze imyaka myinshi akora mu butasi bw’Uburusiya ndetse na Politiki y’imbere mu gihugu cye mbere y’uko akibera umukuru w’igihugu wubashywe.
Iyi ni ishusho y’uburyo Putin yageze ku butegetsi ndetse n’impamvu abanyamerika bamwe bamutinya.
Ukuzamuka kwa Putin no kwinjira muri KGB
Putin yavutse muri 1952, avukira mu muryango udakize cyane. Yavukiye mu gace ka Leningrad. Se umubyara yahoze mu gisirikare ariko nyuma aza kujya gukora mu ruganda.
Amaze gukura, Putin yakundaga gusoma ibitabo bivuga ku butasi ndetse akareba n’ibiganiro kuri televiziyo bibyerekeye. Ubwo yari akiri mu ishuri, yagiye ahari ibiro by’ubutasi bwa KGB (Komitet gossoudarstvennoï bezopasnosti: Comité pour la Sécurité de l’État) , abaza uko yabasha kwinjira muri uwo mutwe nk’uko umunyamakuru Ben Judah abitangaza. Uyu munyamakuru ni nawe wanditse igitabo kivuga kuri Putin cyitwa “Fragile Empire: How Russia Fell In and Out of Love with Vladimir Putin.”
Abakoraga mu biro by’ubutasi bwa KGB ku cyicaro cyayo gikuru bamubwiye ko agomba gukora cyane ndetse akiga n’amategeko. Putin na we yakoze nkuko babimubwiye, yiga amategeko muri Leningrad State University ndetse amara n’imyaka 17 akora mu butasi bwo hanze y’igihugu.
Putin ubwo yari akiri mu mutwe wa KGB
Muri icyo gihe niho yakuye ubunararibonye, ndetse inzobere zikemeza neza ko ubwo bunararibonye aribwo buri kumufasha muri iki gihe.
Perezida Putin azwiho kurwanira igihugu cye ishyaka ariko ngo yabihoranye kuva akiri n’umusore.
Muri 2000 ikinyamakuru The Washington Post cyanditse ko umunsi umwe Putin yanze gusoma igitabo cy’umusoviyeti kuko ngo atashoboraga gusoma igitabo cy’umuntu wagambaniye igihugu cyamubyaye.
Uko yinjiye muri Politiki
Muri 1991, Putin yavuye muri KGB. Yasubiye muri Leningrad ubu isigaye ari St. Petersburg aho yari agiye kungiriza uwari Mayor w’uwo Mujyi, Anatoly Sobchak ndetse akaba yarahoze ari umwarimu we w’amategeko akiri ku ntebe y’ishuri.
Icyo gihe Putin yakoraga atagaragara cyane ku karubanda ndetse agakunda gucisha make. Bivugwa ko icyo gihe yagaragaraga ari uko byasabaga ko hari ibikomeye agomba gukora ndetse akaba umuntu w’umwizerwa kandi w’ingirakamaro wa Anatoly Sobchak.
Mu gitabo cye, Judah yanditse ko imitegekere ye ya Politiki, Putin yayigiye kuri Sobchak wari uzwiho kugira imbaraga mu buryo bw’imitegekere.
Putin yubahaga Sobchak kandi akamubera umwizerwa. Ubwo Sobchak atongeraga gutorerwa kuba mayor, Putin yahawe akazi mu buyobozi bw’umujyi wa Leningrad arabwanga. Icyo gihe yavuze ko yahitamo kumanikwa nk’inyangamugayo aho kugororerwa kubera kuba umugambanyi. “It’s better to be hanged for loyalty than be rewarded for betrayal.”
Muri 1996, umuryango wa Putin wimukiye i Moscow. Icyo gihe nibwo yatangiye kuzamuka vuba vuba mu buyobozi ndetse muri 1998 agirwa umuyobozi wa FSB (Federal Security Service), ikigo cy’ubutasi cyasimbujwe KGB. Boris Yeltsin wari Perezida icyo gihe niwe ubwe wamushyize mu mwanya. Ikinyamakuru Newsweek cyatangaje ko kari akazi Perezida yahaga umwe mu bantu b’abizerwa mu buyobozi.
Kuba Minisititi w’intebe ,…nyuma akaba Perezida
Mu kwezi kwa Kanama 1999, Boris Yeltsin yagize Putin Minisitiri w’intebe. Yari abaye uwa 5 ushyizwe kuri uwo mwanya nibura mu gihe cy’imyaka 2 yari ishize. Mu Burusiya, Minisitiri w’intebe aba ari umuntu wa 2 mu gukomera mu butegetsi ndetse akaba atanga raporo kwa Perezida ntawundi ayinyujijeho.
Mu buryo butunguranye, mu mpera za 1999, Boris Yeltsin yavuye ku butegetsi, atangaza ko Putin ariwe ugomba kubusigaraho nka Perezida w’Uburusiya. Mu kwezi kwa Werurwe 2000 nibwo Putin yatsinze amatora y’umukuru w’igihugu.
Benshi mu bakurikiranira hafi iby’ubutegetsi mu Burusiya bemeza ko Boris Yeltsin yagize Putin Perezida mu rwego rwo kugira ngo yirinde ko hari ibyaha yazakurikiranywaho n’amategeko.
Igikorwa cya mbere Putin yakoze ni ukubabarira Yeltsin amuha ubudahangarwa ku byaha by’ubwicanyi cyangwa ibijyanye n’ubuyobozi, no kuba atakorwaho iperereza. Ikindi yakoze, yemeje ko ntamuntu ugomba gukora ku mitungo ya Yeltsin.
Muri manda ye ya mbere, Putin yabanje kwita ku bibazo by’imbere mu gihugu. Icyo gihe Putin afata ubutegetsi, intambara y’abo mu gace ka Chechnya bashakaga ko agace kabo kigenga, yari igeze mu majyepfo y’Uburusiya ndetse iri gukwirakwira mu duce twinshi.
Intambara yo muri Chechnya yayishyize mu by’ibanze. Putin yafashe ubutegetsi mu gihe kigoye, aho Chechnya yashakaga kwigenga kandi ifatwa nk’intara y’Uburusiya. Ikindi abari abayobozi ku butegetsi bwa Yeltsin bashakaga kugira ijambo mu butegetsi kurushaho. Putin yari azi neza ko abahoze ari abayobozi ku gihe cya Yeltsin bari bafite imbaraga kumurusha, bituma bagirana ubwumvikane.
Muri Nyakanga 2000, Putin yabwiye abo bari bayobozi ko atazivanga mu bucuruzi bwabo cyangwa gufatira imitungo yabo mu gihe cyose baguma kure y’ibikorwa bya Politiki. Ibyo kandi byari kubahirizwa igihe batazamurwanya cyangwa ngo bagire ibibi bamuvugaho.
Muri 2002, abarwanyi 40 b’aba Chechen bari bayobowe na Movsar Barayev bafashe Moscow theater , bashimutiramo abantu 912. Abo barwanyi bishe abantu 129 basaba ko intambara yo muri Chechnya yahagarara, Uburusiya bugakura ingabo zabwo muri iyo Ntara kugira ngo barekure abo bari bafashe. Aha niho Putin yigaragaje nk’umugabo w’ibikorwa nkuko Judah yabyanditse. Icyo gihe yanze kumvikana n’abo barwanyi ahubwo hategurwa igitero cy’umutwe w’ingabo zitabara ahakomeye, zirokora abari bafashwe bugwate.
Kongera gutorerwa kuba Perezida…nyuma agirwa Minisitiri w’intebe
Muri 2004 , ku nshuro ya 2, Putin yatorewe kuyobora Uburusiya. Yakomeje kwita ku bibazo by’imbere mu gihugu cye ariko agashinjwa guhonyora itangazamakuru.
Ibi bishingirwa ku munyamakuru Anna Politkovskaya, wari umunyamakuru ariko akaza kwicirwa mu nzu yabagamo muri 2006 nyuma yo kwandika inkuru kuri ruswa yarangwaga mu gisirikare cy’Uburusiya. Yishwe ku munsi w’amavuko wa Putin. Putin yahakanye kuba hari uruhare abifitemo ariko avuga ko urupfu rwe ntakinini rwari gukora ku Burusiya kurusha uko ibyo yari gukomeza kwandika byari kubusebya. Nanubu, ibihugu byo mu Burengerazuba bw’isi binenga Putin kuba atarinda abanyamakuru.
Nyuma y’ibyumweru Politkovskaya yishwe, uwari wariyomoye kuri FSB, yarogewe mu Bwongereza mu Mujyi wa London. Nubwo ibi byose byabaga, ntibyabujije Putin gukomeza gukundwa n’abaturage b’Uburusiya.
Muri manda ze 2, umusaruro mbumbe w’igihugu wazamutseho 70%, ishoramari rizamuka ku kigero cya 125%.
Muri 2008, Dmitry Medvedev wari usanzwe ari Minisitiri w’intebe yatorewe kuyobora Uburusiya. Umunsi ukurikiyeho, yagize Putin minisitiri w’intebe. Abakurikiranira hafi Politii y’Uburusiya bemeza ko nubwo yari agizwe Minisitiri w’intebe, Putin yakomeje gufata ibyemezo bikomeye ndetse agasa nkaho ariwe wari uyoboye Uburusiya.
Kongera gutorwa nka Perezida
Muri 2012, Putin yongeye gutorerwa manda ye ya 3 nka Perezida w’Uburusiya igomba kurangira muri 2018. Gutorwa kwe ntikwavuzweho rumwe. Itegeko rivuga kuri manda ya 3 bivugwa ko ritubahirijwe ndetse hari n’abemeza ko habayeho kwiba amajwi. Icyo gihe Putin yatsindiye ku majwi 64%.
Muri 2014, Putin yahanzwe amaso n’isi yose ubwo yomekaga agace ka Crimea ku Burusiya mu buryo butavuzweho rumwe cyane cyane n’ibihugu bitavuga rumwe n’Uburusiya. Mu minsi ya vuba ishize, Putin yatangiye kugirana umubano n’Ubushinwa kuko Uburusiya bukeneye abandi bahahirana nyuma y’aho Uburusiya bushyiriweho ibihano kubwo kwiyomokaho agace ka Crimea. Komeka Crimea ku Burusiya byatumye Putin agaragara nk’umuyobozi uhamye kandi uharanira kugira Uburusiya igihugu cyubashywe ku isi kurusha uko byahoze mbere.
Uko Putin yagiye azamuka mu ntera kugeza abaye Perezida w’Uburusiya wubashywe
Igisirikare cy’Uburusiya kiri mu biha Putin igitinyiro, akongeraho n’ubunararibonye bwe
Mu nkuru ikinyamakuru CNN cyanditse kuri Putin igira iti ‘Putin’s rise to power’ yo kuwa 13 Werurwe 2017, umunyamakuru wayo Phil Black yemeje ko Putin ashobora kuba ariwe muyobozi ukomeye ku isi. Mubyo CNN yahishingiyeho bituma akomera harimo gutegura ibitero by’ikoranabuhanga bigabwa ku bindi bihugu (Cyber Power), igisirikare gikomeye cy’Uburusiya ndetse n’ubunararibonye afite ku giti cye.
CNN igaruka ku mbaraga Putin afite, yashingiye ku bivugwa y’uko Uburusiya bwabashije kwinjira mu matora ya Amerika bigatuma Trump atsinda H. Clinton ndetse n’igitero cy’ikoranabuhanga Uburusiya bwigeze kugaba kuri Estoniya kikayishegesha.
Kwinjira mu matora ya Amerika, inzego z’ubutasi za Amerika zahamije neza ko Putin ubwe ariwe wategetse ko bikorwa ariko we yakunze kubihakana.
Ikindi CNN yashingiyeho ihamya ko Putin akomeye ngo ni igikundiro afite mu Burusiya.
Putin ni Clinton bapfa iki kuburyo yashakaga ko atsindwa amatora?
Nubwo nanubu Uburusiya bugihakana kuba bwarivanze mu matora ya Amerika, abanyamerika benshi ni kimwe mubyo baheraho batinyira Putin, kuba yarabashije kwivanga mu matora yabo agasa n’ugena uzayatsinda kandi Amerika ifatwa nk’igihugu cy’igikomerezwa ku isi.
Urwango Putin yanga Clinton ngo rwatangiye muri 2008
Urwango bivugwa ko Putin yanga Hillary Clinton rwatangiye muri 2008, ubwo Clinton yakomezaga kuvuga amagambo mabi kuri Putin. Inyandiko ya CNN twavuze haruguru ihamya ko muri 2011 ubwo Putin yari ari kwiyamamariza manda ya 3 nka Perezida, Clinton ngo yafashije abigaragambyaga bamagana Putin, abatera inkunga bakora imyigaragamyo ya mbere yari ikomeye yabereye i Moscow kuva hasenyuka icyahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti zari ziyobowe n’Uburusiya.
Icyo gihe Clinton yavugaga ko amatora yo mu Burusiya ko atazaca mu mucyo, ko ndetse amajwi y’abaturage babwo akwiriye guhabwa agaciro. Putin ibyo yabibonye nk’igitero kuri we, ashinja Clinton gushyigikira abigaragambyaga ndetse no kwivanga mu bibazo by’Abarusiya.
Ubwo Clinton yiyamamarizaga kuyobora Amerika muri 2016, birumvikana uwo Uburusiya bwagombaga gushyigikira kuko abazi neza Putin bemeza ko yangaga urunuka Clinton.
Robert Gates wahoze ari umunyamabanga wa Amerika mu bijyanye n’igisirikare, yatangarije CNN ko urwo rwango Putin yangaga Clinton arirwo rushobora kuba rwaramuteye kwivanga mu matora ya Amerika.
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Putin kbs arashoboye 2