ICYEGERANYO ku mwaduko wa ROBOTS n’imbunda zirashisha ku rugamba

Ni kenshi wagiye ubona ikoreshwa ry’ama ’robots’ muri filime zinyuranye. Ni inshuro nyinshi ubona imbunda zirashisha zonyine mu mikino yo muri telefoni cyangwa mudasobwa. Ntibikiri inkuru kuri ubu robots, imbunda zirashisha nizo zigiye kujya zoherezwa ku rugamba mu buzima busanzwe bisimbure abasirikare.

Mu myaka mike ishize nibwo hatangiye gukoreshwa indege zitagira abapilote bita ‘Drones’ nanone zitwa UAV (Unmanned Air Vehicle) mu bikorwa bya gisirikare. Drones ni ubwoko bw’indege zikoreshwa mu bikorwa by’ubutasi bwa gisirikare bitabaye ngombwa ko hari abantu bahatakariza ubuzima cyangwa se zikifashishwa mu kurasa umwanzi nta musirikare uhakandagiye.

Ikoreshwa rya drones yabaye intambwe ya mbere y’ikoreshwa rya ‘Robots’ mu bikorwa bya gisirikare. Mu nyandiko yagiraga iti ‘Les robots tueurs lourdement armé: une réalité effrayante pour l’avenir’ yo ku wa 27 Mutarama 2009, Geek Magazine yatangazaga ko Minisiteri y’ingabo za Amerika yabaraga ko kugeza muri 2019, robots zizaba zifite uruhare runini mu gisirikare cya Amerika. Kugira ngo bigerweho, Amerika yashoye agera kuri miliyari 129 z’Amadorali ya Amerika (103.200.000.000.000 FRW).

Nibwo bwa mbere mu mateka Amerika yari ikoresheje amafaranga menshi mu gisirikare. Iyi gahunda inakubiye mu mushinga munini ‘Future Combat Systems’ wa Amerika wo gukora igisirikare kigezweho kandi kigendanye n’igihe. Muri 2015, BBC yatangaje mu nkuru yayo ‘killer robots the soldiers that never sleep’ ko iyi gahunda Amerika yayitangiye muri 2000. Muri uyu mwaka nibwo ’Congress’ ya Amerika yemeje ko nibura 1/3 cy’ibimodoka by’intambara n’indege zirasa kure cyane mu bujyakuzimu bigomba gusimburwa n’ibimodoka bya robots ndetse n’indege zitarimo abapilote.

Muri 2009, Gordon Johnson, umwe mu batanga amategeko muri Pentagone (Icyicaro cya minisiteri y’ingabo muri Amerika) yavuze ko Robots za gisirikare bazazifashisha muri ‘missions’ zo gutata umwanzi ndetse no kumwica mu gihe cy’urugamba. Yagize ati « Robots ntizigira ubwoba, ntizibagirwa amabwiriza n’amategeko. Ntekereza ko zizakora akazi kurusha abantu. »

Geek Mag itangaza ko byibuze muri 2009, habarwaga Robots 4000 ziganjemo izo mu bwoko bwa PackBot Tactical Mobile Robots zikoreshwa mu ntambara Abanyamerika barwana muri Irak na Afghanistan. Akazi kazo ni ugufungura inzira mu ntambara zirwanirwa mu mijyi, kurasa ibisasu byo mu bwoko bwa ‘Bomb’ no gukora akandi kazi gakomeye gasanzwe gakorwa n’abantu.

Uyu musirikare witwa Nathaniel Anselmo arakanika robot yifashishwaga mu mirwano mu gace ka Khakrez muri Afghanistan

Kugeza ubu intego y’igisirikare cya Amerika ni ugukora Robots nyinshi zikoresha ubwazo, bitabaye ngombwa ko ziyoborwa n’umuntu, zikifatira icyemezo cy’uwo zigomba kurasa n’igihe zigomba kumurasira. Uribaza niba ibyo usomye aribyo ? Yego nibyo, ibyo wagiye ubona muri filime zitandukanye nka ‘Universal soldier ‘ yakinwe na Van Damme ntibikiri inkuru gusa, ahubwo biri gushyirwa mu bikorwa.

Muri 2005 ikinyamakuru The New York Times cyatangaje ko Pentagone ifite umugambi wo gusimbuza abasirikare, robots zikoresha (autonomous robots).Ibi biroroshye kubisobanukirwa. Robots zituma umubare w’abantu bajya ku rugamba rwo kubutaka, mu mazi (kuko hari na robots z’amato) no mu kirere ugabanuka. Ninde mubyeyi wakwishimira kohereza umwana we ku rugamba kandi ibyo yagakoze byakorwa na Robot ? Ahubwo twakwibaza tuti niba imashini zigiye kujya ziyobora mu rugamba, aho iminsi yo kurwana hagati y’abantu ntiyaba igana ku musozo ?

Muri 2015, mu mujyi wa Daejeon wo muri Koreya y’Epfo, uruganda rukora intwaro rwahamurikiye imbunda ishobora kumenya umwanzi, kumukurikira no kumurasa (identify, track and shoot targets) ibyikoresheje bitabaye ngombwa ko umuntu ayikoresha. Iyi mbunda bita Super aEgis II ishobora kurasa muri Miles 3(Km 4) kandi ifite machine gun (ubwoko bw’imbunda) bushobora gushwanyaguza ikimodoka cy’intambara.

Super aEgis II igomba kurasa ari uko byemejwe n’umuntu. Uyikoresha agomba gushyira ijambo ry’ibanga muri mudasobwa, agafungura uburyo bw’imirasire yayo ariko ngo siko yari yakozwe. « Ntabwo ari gutya yari ikoze » aya ni amagambo ya Jungsuk Park, umwe mu bakuriye ubushakashatsi mu kigo cya DoDAAM cyayikoze. Yongeyeho ati « Igitekerezo cyacu cya mbere cyari imbunda yirashisha(auto-firing system) ariko abakiriya bacu bose badusabye ko twakongeramo uburyo bw’ubwirinzi budatuma yirashisha. Kubwacu kuyikora gutyo ntiryari ikosa ariko abakiriya bagize amakenga ko imbunda yakora ikosa ikirashisha. »

Mu mvugo ye birasobanutse. Ese izi Robots ziri gukorwa ninde uzajya azigisha amategeko agenga intambara ?Umunsi zizajya zigira ibibazo mu mikorere yazo, ntizizarimbura umuntu wazikoreye ?Ibyo nibyo nibaza, nawe ndakeka duhuje izi mpungenge.

Super aEgis II ishobora kumenya umwanzi, kumukurikirana no kumurasa niyo yaba ari kwiruka mu ntera byibuze ya Km 4.Photo:BBC

DoDAAM yatangaje ko ubwo yamurikaga iyi mbunda yahise igurisha 30 murizo, buri imwe igura miliyoni 40 z’amadorali ya Amerika (32.000.000.000 FRW). BBC itangaza ko ubu bwoko bw’imbunda bukoreshwa mu Burasirazuba bwo hagati nko ku bibuga bya gisirikare Al Dhafra, Al Safran na Al Minad byo muri United Arab Emirates. Ahandi iyi mbunda iri ni ku ngoro y’umwami muri Abu Dhabi, mu bubiko bw’intwaro muri Qatar, n’ahandi hantu hatunganyirizwa Peteroli, ibibuga by’indege bitazwi,…
Yangchan Song uyobora imikorere mu kigo cya DoDAAM avuga ko imbunda zirashisha arizo zizaranga ejo hazaza ko ndetse isi iri kwinjira mu ikoreshwa ry’imashini zibasha kwifatira ibyemezo ubwazo. Myung Kwang Chang umuyobozi wa DoDAAM , we asanga ukwifuza kwa muntu ariho hakomoka kuvumbura ibintu binyuranye.

Ati « Tubaho mu buryo butandukanye n’abandi. Dufite umwanzi ukomeye w’umushotoaranyi duturanye cyane (Koreya ya ruguru). Kubera guhora duhangayikiye kuba twagabwaho igitero, tugomba kubaka igisirikare gikomeye n’udushya tw’ikoranabuhanga dufasha igihugu cyacu. Intwaro yacu ntijya iryama nk’uko abantu babigira. Ishobora kubona mu mwijima ariko abantu ntibabishobora. Ikoranabuhanga ryacu rifasha aho muntu ananirwa.”

Ubwoko bwa Robots zifashishwa mu gisirikare cy’ibihugu bikomeye ziterwa n’icyo bashaka kuzimarisha. Uburusiya mu ntambara buri kurwanira muri Syria, byabaye ngombwa ko bwifashisha robots zo mu bwoko bwa Uran-6 ngo abasirekare b’Abarusiya babashe gutegura ibisasu byagiye bitegwa mu gace ka Palmyra n’abarwanyi ba Islamic State. Ibi Russia Today yabyanditse mu nyandiko yahaye umutwe ugira uti ‘Russia’s mine-clearing Uran-6 robots to help get rid of hidden explosives in Palmyra (VIDEOS)’yo ku wa 30 Werurwe 2016.

Ku manywa y’ihanga hakoreshejwe Robot mu kurasa umwicanyi muri Amerika

Tariki 7 Nyakanga 2016 muri Dallas, muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika habaye imyigaragambyo yo kwamagana ubwicanyi bwari bumaze iminsi bukorerwa abirabura. Muri iyi myigaragambyo nibwo umusore witwa Micah Johnson wahoze mu gisirikare, kuri ubu yari inkeragutabara(army reservist), akoresheje imbunda ya ba mudahushwa, yishe abapolisi 5, akomeretsa abandi 7. Uyu musore ngo yari agamije kurasa abapolisi b’abazungu gusa nubwo hari n’abasiviri bakomerekeye muri ubu bwicanyi.

Robots nkiyi irasa ibisasu niyo yakoreshejwe mu kurasa Micah w’imyaka 25.Photo:The Guardian

Nyuma yo kubura uburyo bwo kwica uyu mwicanyi, mu rwego rwo kwirinda ko hari umupolisi wundi wahatakariza ubuzima, mu gitondo cyo ku wa gatanu tariki 8 Nyakanga 2016, igipolisi cya Dallas(Dallas Police department) cyifashishije robot irasa igisasu (bomb) aho Micah Johnson yari ari kiramuhitana nk’uko The Guardian yabyanditse mu nkuru ifite umutwe ugira uti’ Use of police robot to kill Dallas shooting suspect believed to be first in US history’ yo kuwa 08 Nyakanga 2016.
“Nta bundi buryo twari dufite uretse gukoresha robot yacu irasa bomb, tuyishyiraho akantu(device) gatuma ituritsa igisasu ubwo yageraga aho uwacyekwaga yari ari.” Aya ni amagambo ya David Brown,umuyobozi wa Police muri Dallas yatangarije abanyamakuru.

Peter Singer ukorera New America Foundation ndetse akaba n’umwanditsi ku ikoranabuhanga ry’imirwanire yatangarije The Guardian ko aribwo bwa mbere abonye ku rwego mpuzamahanga, igipolisi cyifashisha robot mu kwica umwicanyi. Ubusanzwe ikoreshwa rya robots ryari ryihariwe n’igisirikare gusa.
Iyi ni ishusho ikugaragariza aho isi igana mu minsi iri imbere cyane cyane ku mwaduko w’abasirikare badasinzira(Robots).

Iyi nkuru ifite igice cya 2, tuzanavugamo Robots zakozwe ariko zikwiriye guhangayikisha isi.

Ibitekerezo n’inyunganizi ku nkuru nk’izi, ikindi cyegeranyo ufiteho amatsiko wumva twazavugaho mu nkuru zitaha, wakohereza ubutumwa bwawe kuri [email protected]

IZINDI NKURU
Ibitekerezo(0)
Tanga Igitekerezo